Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Integ Midterm > Wound Types Study Guide/ Chart > Flashcards

Wound Types Study Guide/ Chart Flashcards

1
Q

Stages of Healing:

A
  1. Inflammation
  2. Epithelialization
  3. Proliferation
  4. Remodeling/Maturation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Inflammation =

A

(acute): Hemostasis (retraction//sealing off blood vessels), macrophages phagocytise debris, bacteria and damaged tissue

a. Signs: redness, swelling, heat, pain, loss of function

b. Highlights: vascular responses (bleeding), cellular responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Epithelialization =

A

starts within a few hrs of injury and occurs simultaneously with other stages

a. Barrier between wound surface and environment (keratinocytes), requires O2 and moist environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Proliferation =

A

(approx 3 weeks): neovascularization (angiogenesis), collagen production (fibroplasia), wound contraction (myofibroblast)

a. Key cells: angioblast, fibroblast, myofibroblast (pull entire wound together thereby shrinking defect), keratinocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Remodeling/Maturation =

A

(day 9- 1 yr): remodeling scar/collagen reorganization to fit tissue and function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Arterial Insufficiency leads to what type of ulcer:

A

Arterial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Arterial Insufficiency causes:

A

Decrease in arterial blood supply
● Trauma
● Acute embolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Arterial Insufficiency signs:

A

● “Dependent rubor” ● slow nail growth
● pulses faint/absent ● atrophic skin
● loss of hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Arterial Insufficiency risks:

A

● Age
● Smoking
●DM
● HTN
● Hyperlipoproteinemia
● Elevated WBC count

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Atherosclerosis (primary cause) leads to what type of ulcer:

A

Arterial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Atherosclerosis causes:

A

Buildup of plaque in inner lining of artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Atherosclerosis signs:

A

● Intermittent claudication
● “Rest” pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Atherosclerosis risks:

A

● Age
● Smoking
●DM
● HTN
● Hyperlipoproteinemia
● Elevated WBC count

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Venous Insufficiency leads to what type of ulcer:

A

Venous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Venous Insufficiency causes:

A

● Mechanical insufficiency (failure of valves)
● Physiological insufficiency (imbalance of proteins)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Venous Insufficiency signs:

A

● Pitting edema
● Hyperpigmentation
● lipodermatosclerosis/ fibrotic
tissue
● Eczema white plaques

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Venous Insufficiency risks:

A

● Age
● Hx of varicose veins
● Obesity
● DVT
● LE trauma
● Legs in dependent position
● Pregnancy
● Impaired lymphatic drainage
● Previous vein surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Infected wounds Signs and Sx:

A

induration
fever
erythema
edema
increased drainage
odor after irrigation
increased pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Infected wounds types:

A

cellulitis, lymphangitis, sepsis, osteomyelitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

3 types of ulcers:

A

Arterial

Venous

Lymphatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Arterial ulcers causes:

A

● Arterial insufficiency
● Atherosclero sis (primary cause)
●PAD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Arterial ulcers signs:

A

● Edges well demarcated
● Wound
● VERY PAINFUL
● Base of ulcer pale and dry
● Minimal drainage
● No granulation tissue present
● Periwound tissue may be black, gangrenous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Arterial ulcers location:

A

●Toes
● dorsum of foot
● lateral malleolus
● lower 1⁄3 of anterolateral leg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Arterial ulcers tests and measures:

A

● Pulses
● Doppler US
● ABI (tests perfusion)
● Rubor of Dependency
● Venous Filling Time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Arterial ulcers treatment:
● Protect from pressure ○ Bed rest, Off-loading, Positioning ● Increase blood flow/O2 ○ Hyperbaric O2 ○ Arterial bypass ○ Angioplasty and stents ● Wound Care ○ Ischemic ulcers kept dry ● Debridement if adequate blood flow present
26
Arterial ulcers dressings and casting:
● Non-adhere nt foam ● Total contact casting
27
Venous ulcers causes:
Venous insufficiency
28
Venous ulcers signs:
● Achiness, decreased pain @ night ● Irregular shape, shallow ● Granulation tissue present (pink→ red) ● Flat borders ● Wet, excessive drainage ● PAINLESS or mild pain ● Slough present
29
Venous ulcers location:
● Distal, medial third of LE ● Proximal to medial malleolus
30
Venous ulcers tests and measures:
● Homans’ Sign ● ABI ● Tredelenberg test ● Doppler US ● Venous filling time
31
Venous ulcers treatment:
● Compression therapy (short stretch wraps, tubular bandages, graduated compression garments) ● Wound care ● Medical intervention (growth factors, surgery- ligation, venous bypass) ● Keep leg elevated
32
Venous ulcers dressings and castings:
Unna boot (semirigid dressing)
33
ulcer subtypes:
Neuropathic/ Diabetic Pressure
34
Neuropathic/ Diabetic causes:
Diabetes, HIV/AIDS, Cancer, Vitamin B deficiency, MS, Charcot-Marie Tooth Disease
35
Neuropathic/ Diabetic signs:
● Round, deep ● Often pink ● Normal pulses ● Normal or slightly higher temperature ● Periwound (callus, dry, hardened) ● induration/hardened edges ● Very little exudate ● Not painful (due to damaged nerves)
36
Neuropathic/ Diabetic location:
Plantar surface of foot (3rd met head, 1st met head/great toe, 5th met head)
37
Neuropathic/ Diabetic tests and measures:
● Diabetic Foot Screening ● Pulse Examination ● Doppler US & ABI ● Capillary Refill ● Sensory integrity (monofilament test → 5.07= loss of protective sensation) ● Wagner Scale
38
Neuropathic/ Diabetic treatment:
● Wound care ○ Moist dressings ○ Prevent infection ● Off loading ● Rocker bottom ● Shoe modification (padded ankle foot orthosis) ● PT=ambulation ● Patient education ○ Diet and exercise ○ Disease process ○ Bone evaluation ○ Shoe wear and foot care guidelines
39
Neuropathic/ Diabetic dressings and casting:
Total contact casting
40
Pressure ulcer causes:
Time+pressure= damage Typically result from repeated episodes without adequate time for recovery in between External: shear, moisture, friction Internal: Age, arterial insufficiency/ arteriolar pressure, malnutrition Impaired sensation
41
Pressure ulcer risks:
The 5 I’s ● Immobility ● Inactivity ● Incontinence ● Improper Nutrition ● Impaired mental status or sensation
42
Stage 1 pressure ulcer description:
Observable pressure related change in area of intact skin when compared to adjacent/comparable area of skin. Signs: skin color, skin temp, tissue consistency, sensation
43
Stage 1 pressure ulcer prevention measures tests and measures:
● Positioning ○ Full body change of position every 2 hrs ○ Every hr in sitting ○ shift/pressure relief every 15 min ● Frequent position changes ● Pressure reduction devices ● Skin care ● Nutrition ● Good clothing choices ● Move with care ● Educate
44
Stage 1 pressure ulcer treatment:
● Prevention is key ● Eliminate/ reduce sources of pressure ● Improve nutritional status ● Wound management
45
Stage 2 pressure ulcer description:
Partial-thickness wound presented as abrasion, blister, or shallow crater (epidermis & dermis)
46
Stage 2 pressure ulcer prevention measures tests and measures:
● Positioning ○ Full body change of position every 2 hrs ○ Every hr in sitting ○ shift/pressure relief every 15 min ● Frequent position changes ● Pressure reduction devices ● Skin care ● Nutrition ● Good clothing choices ● Move with care ● Educate
47
Stage 2 pressure ulcer treatment:
● Prevention is key ● Eliminate/ reduce sources of pressure ● Improve nutritional status ● Wound management
48
Stage 3 pressure ulcer description:
Full-thickness wound with damage or necrosis that may extend down to, but not through, fascia that presents as deep crater
49
Stage 3 pressure ulcer prevention measures tests and measures:
● Positioning ○ Full body change of position every 2 hrs ○ Every hr in sitting ○ shift/pressure relief every 15 min ● Frequent position changes ● Pressure reduction devices ● Skin care ● Nutrition ● Good clothing choices ● Move with care ● Educate
50
Stage 3 pressure ulcer treatment:
● Prevention is key ● Eliminate/ reduce sources of pressure ● Improve nutritional status ● Wound management
51
Stage 4 pressure ulcer description:
Full-thickness skin loss with extensive destruction, necrosis, damage to underlying structures (muscle, bone, tendon, joint capsule, etc.)
52
Stage 4 pressure ulcer prevention measures tests and measures:
● Positioning ○ Full body change of position every 2 hrs ○ Every hr in sitting ○ shift/pressure relief every 15 min ● Frequent position changes ● Pressure reduction devices ● Skin care ● Nutrition ● Good clothing choices ● Move with care ● Educate
53
Stage 4 pressure ulcer treatment:
● Prevention is key ● Eliminate/ reduce sources of pressure ● Improve nutritional status ● Wound management
54
Unstageable pressure ulcer:
Full thickness tissue loss in which the base of the ulcer is completely covered by slough and/or eschar Eschar or slough needs to be removed to expose base to determine true stage of wound
55
Deep Tissue Injury pressure ulcer:
Damage of underlying soft tissue from pressure and/or shear Appears maroon colored
56
Burns =
Superficial (1st degree) Superficial Partial Thickness (2nd degree) Deep Partial Thickness (2nd degree) Full Thickness (3rd degree) Electrical (4th degree)
57
Burn Rehab =
● Chest PT ● Positioning & Splinting ● ROM ● Resting hand position (wrist ext) ● Ambulate with ace bandages with pt who has skin grafts ● Exposed tendons no PROM only AROM/AAROM
58
Burn Tests and Treatment =
Test: ● Rule of Nines Treatment: ● Fluid resuscitation ● Critical Care tx/evaluation ● CPT/percussion & PROM ● Positioning (team effort) ● GENTLE ROM → PROM/AAROM ● May see skin blanch ● Outpatient PT ○ Paraffin as tx adjunct ○ Monitor skin 20-30s ○ Prolonged stretch: 1-3min
59
Burns Dressings and castings:
● Silvadine -wax like substance, topical, antimicrobial , can be covered with gauze ● Sulfamylon -exposed cartilage ● Xeroform -impregnated gauze ● Silver Nitrate -minimize hypergranul ation tissue to prevent hypertrophic scar
60
Superficial (1st degree) burn =
● No bleeding due to avascular tissue ● No blister formation ● location = Epidermis Only
61
Superficial Partial Thickness (2nd degree) burn =
● Extremely painful due to irritation of nerve endings and pain sensors ● blister formation ● location = Epidermis and into upper layer of dermis
62
Deep Partial Thickness (2nd degree) burn =
● Dermal appendages destroyed ● Burn will appear red, tan or white and dull looking ● Eschar may develop ● Infection can occur to cause it to develop into a full thickness burn ● location = Severe damage to dermal layer
63
Full Thickness (3rd degree) burn =
● Burn will not blanch ● location = Epidermal, dermal, and subdermal layer completely destroyed
64
Electrical (4th degree) burn =
● Entrance and exit wounds ● Fractures may occur ● Internal injuries may occur ● MI involvement ● location = Destruction into bone
65
Burn Wound 3 zones:
Zone of of Coagulation Zone of of Stasis Zone of of Hyperemia
66
Zone of of Coagulation =
Area that receives the most direct and intense heat Cells are irreversibly damaged and skin death occurs Tissue necrosis and eschar are present
67
Zone of of Stasis =
Contains injured cells that will die within 24-48 hours without specialized treatment Blood supply is compromised by cellular and vascular changes It is here that infections and or dying of tissues could result in conversion of tissues into necrotic tissue
68
Zone of of Hyperemia =
outermost area of burn vasodilatation and increased blood flow site of minimal cell damage should recover within seven days with no lasting effects

Integ Midterm (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions