Wound management

Question 1

List the types of wounds

Answer 1

Open and closed wound
> clean
> Contaminated and non infected
> Contaminated and infected

Question 2

What are the healing processes of wounds

Answer 2

Healing by primary intention
>eg. placing edges of a cut together

Secondary intention
> Injury that needs the skin to regrow for the bottom of the would

Question 3

Describe the stages of healing

Answer 3

Inflammation: clotting, pain, heat, swelling, redness

Repair: Proliferation of collagen and organisation of epithelia tissue

maturation: keratin to increase layer thickness

Question 4

what cells are involved in the healing process

Answer 4

Inflammatory cytokines
TNF
Growth factors

Question 5

What factors alter healing

Answer 5

> diet (vitamin A and C, copper, zinc, protein),
drugs (steroids, PGL inhibitors, immune >modulators),
clinical condition (diabetes, anaemia),
local factors (microenvironment, tissue temp, secondary trauma),

Question 6

What are the factors of an ideal dressing

Answer 6

Optimum environment
Moist environment
Allows gaseous exchange
Impermeable to bugs
Free of particles
Safe to use
Non-adherent
Acceptable to patient
High absorption
Cost effective
Standardised
Constant properties
Non-inflammable
Sterilisable
Mechanical protection
Comfortable
Infrequent changes
Availability
Allows monitoring

Question 7

List the types of dressings available

Answer 7

Low adherent
Vapour Permeable  dressings
Alginate
Hydrocolloid
Hydrogel
Foam
Polysaccharides

Question 8

What is the general order of absorbency of the dressings

Answer 8

Low adherence/VP dressing →hydrogel/hydrocolloids →foam/polysaccharide →alginates

Question 9

What are low adherent dressing used for

Answer 9

Used for light exudating superficial wounds

Question 10

what do Low adherent dressings look like

Answer 10

Have a plastic film, knitted viscose or fluid filled repellent backing

Question 11

Examples of Low adherent brands

Answer 11

Cutilin, Melolin, release, skintact, Solvaline N, Cosmopor E, Mepore, Neosafe, Primapore

Question 12

What are the two possible types of low adherence dressings

Answer 12

Impregnated: with: Iodine, chlorhexidine, and honey

Non-impregnated: NA Ultra, NA dressing, paratex, setoprime, tricotex

Question 13

What are vapour permeable dressings used for

Answer 13

relatively shallow wounds

Question 14

Examples of VP dressing brands

Answer 14

Bioclusive, C-view, melfim, OpSite flexigrid, Tegaderm

Absorbent pad: Alldress, Mepore Ultra, Opsite Plus

Question 15

What are Alginate dressings made of

Answer 15

Ca and Na salts of alginic acids.

Question 16

What are the properties of the dressing based on

Answer 16

Na and Ca ion and ratio of mannuronic/guluronic monomers (sorban-gel like and kaltostat-frimer)

Question 17

What can Alginate be irrigated with and what is the consequence of that

Answer 17

with saline and require moisture to function so can’t be used on dry sloughy wounds or necrotic tissue

Question 18

Alginate dressing brands

Answer 18

DT: Algisite M, Curasorb, Tegagen, Absorbent back: sorbsan plus, hydrocolloid combo: Seasorb Soft, urgosorb pad