Wound Healing Flashcards
“stoppage of bleeding”
Hemostasis
Two steps of Hemostasis
Vasoconstriction and clotting
causes vasoconstriction
thromboxane
components of a clot
aggregated platelets and fibrin
precursor that produces platelets, activated by thrombopoetin
magakaryocytes
initiate platelet activation
agonist receptors
result of platelet activation and aggregation
platelet plug
cause platelet aggregation/ adhesion to collagen
ligand receptors - specifically von Willebrand Factor binding to GPlb-IX receptors
Secreted during platelet plug formation causing surface to become negative
granules
clotting factors of fibrin follow down a path causing the proteolytic cleavage of each other - path is called?
Cascade
problems with factor IX and VII causing inability to clot
hemophilia
subpathways of clotting cascade
intrinsic pathway and extrinsic pathway
subpathways follow same path starting at this step
prothrombin to thrombin
damages surface causes the cascade - contact activation
intrinsic pathway
trauma releases tissue factor and causes the cascade
extrinsic pathway
catalyst that converts fibrinogen into fibrin
thrombin
insoluble component that crosslinks and aggregates laterally to form a clot
fibrin
precursor to fibrin
fibrinogen (activated by thrombin to forn fibrin)
converts glutamic acid to y-carboxyglutamate forming specific clotting factors such as thrombin that are very good at binding Ca2+
Vitamin K
inhibits cyclo-oxygenase from converting archidonic acid to endoperoxides in platelet activation
Aspirin
anticoagulation drug that inhibits activity of Vit K
Warfarin
blocks platelet agonist receptors, so platelets cannot be activated
Plavix (platelet activation nixed - good way to remember)
anticoagulant “anti-thrombin” inhibits thrombin so fibrin clot cannot form
Heparin
anticoagulant commonly used in blood extractions to prevent clotting in tubes
EDTA
cleavage of fibrin - dissolving the clot
fibrinolysis
lysis of fibrin
what is activated to form the enzyme that carries out the cleavage of fibrin?
plasminogen
plasminogen is activated by what to form plasmin
TPA
the enzyme that carries out the cleavage of fibrin
plaminogen
come from platelet granules, signal to indicate cell damage and presence of foreign microorganisms
cytokines
types of cytokines
interleukins, growth factors, and chemokines
order of cells involved in inflammation
Neutrophils
Macrophages
Lymphocytes
(backwards alphabetical NML)
first responders in inflammatory response, cause phagocytosis and degranulation
Neutrophils
organize and regulate, phagocytosis, and cytokine production
Macrophages
the adaptive inflammatory response, T Cells, and B cells
Lymphocytes
Cell type in repithelialization
Keratinocyte Stem Cells
Cell type in granulation of tissue
fibroblasts
fibroblast cells that cause wound contraction
myofibroblasts
Cells that deposit connective tissue
Fibrin and Fibronectin
transmembrane proteins bound to ECM and actin skeleton allowing for signaling and adhesion
integrins
four steps of bone healing
stem cell recruitment,
deposition of bone,
Vasucularization, Remodeling
remodeling of bone moves from this type of bone to that type of bone
Woven bone to Lamellar Bone
What type of cells are involved in angiogenesis? What are they activated by?
Epithelial cells activated by VEGF
process of forming new blood vessels
angiogenesis
membranes, growth factors, substrates, and stem cells are ways to do what?
guided tissue regeneration
types of procedures that can benefit from guided tissue regeneration
extractions, periodontal regeneration, and implant placement
