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Integumentary > Wound Care 101 > Flashcards

Wound Care 101 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two primary layers of the skin?

A

Dermis and epidermis

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2
Q

What are the primary roles of the epidermis?

A

Protection, moisture retention

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3
Q

What is the epidermis primarily comprised of?

A

Dead avascular cells

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4
Q

What are the primary roles of the dermis?

A

Add structural integrity to the skin, provides nutrition and hydration to the epidermis, regulates body temp.

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5
Q

What does the dermis contain?

A
  • Blood vessels
  • Nerves
  • Collagen
  • Lymphatics
  • Elastin
  • Sebaceous glands
  • Sweat glands
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6
Q

What is the Rate Peg Region?

A

-Between epidermal and dermal ridges and valleys, increases the surface areas between these two layers, acts as extra skin to protect against additional forces.

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7
Q

What comprises the subcutaneous layer?

A

Connective tissue, adipose tissue, blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves

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8
Q

What is the role of the subcutaneous layer?

A

Provides blood supply for skin, provides insulation/cushioning.

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9
Q

What is under the subcutaneous layer?

A

Muscles, fascia, bone.

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10
Q

What are the general roles of the skin (integument)?

A

Thermoregulation, sensation, protection, elimination of waste, synthesis of Vit D, maintaining homeostasis, storage of nutrients.

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11
Q

What are some sources of damage to the integument?

A

Impaired circulation, trauma, burns, pressure, friction, shear, radiation, edema, infection, loss of sensation, loss of moisture, skin disease

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12
Q

What is the difference between an intrinsic and extrinsic factor impacting skin integrity?

A

Intrinsic: related to medical conditions

Extrinsic: related to the environment.

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13
Q

Examples of intrinsic factors:

A

Age, disease, oxygenation/blood volume, perfusion, immunosuppression, neuropathy, SCI

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14
Q

Examples of extrinsic factors:

A

Medications, nutrition, hydration, radiation and chemotherapy, stress, infection.

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15
Q

Define superficial wound

A

Invovles epidermis, is closed.

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16
Q

Define partial thickness wound

A

Involves dermis, characterized by loss of dermis

17
Q

Define full thickness wound

A

Includes all layers of dermis and extends to underlying tissues

18
Q

How do superficial wounds heal

A

Inflammatory response

19
Q

How do partial thickness wounds heal

A

Epithelialization

20
Q

What characterizes full thickness wounds?

A

Large gaps, edges that are unable to be approximated

21
Q

How do full thickness wounds heal?

A

Intention/proliferation

22
Q

What is primary intention healing?

A

Edges are approximated and sutured via surgery

23
Q

What is secondary intention healing?

A

Contraction and granulation in open thickness wounds

24
Q

What is tertiary healing?

A

Deeper layers closed, subcutaneaous left open. Treated and then eventually closed.

25
Q

What defines a “chronic wound”?

A

Wounds that fail to decrease by 50% in 1 month, so closure could not occur by 12 weeks.

26
Q

How long does the inflammatory phase last?

A

2-24 hours up to 2 weeks

27
Q

How long does the epithelialization phase last?

A

2-4 weeks

28
Q

How long does the proliferative phase last?

A

2-6 weeks

29
Q

How long does the remodeling phase last?

A

End of proliferative phase to 2 years

30
Q

Describe inflammatory phase

A
  • Essential for timely healing
  • Immune reaction homeostasis
  • Growth factors stimulated
  • Controlled tissue degradation occurs
31
Q

Inflammation vs Infection characteristics?

A

Inflammation: tenderness, changes in skin color, slight edema, heat.

Infection: red streaks extending from wound, intense pain, drainage (brown, yellow, green, bad odor.

32
Q

Why does epithelialization occur?

A

Protect body from invasion.

33
Q

How does epithelialization occur?

A

Tissue migrates across wound in multiple directions. Thin pink sheet at first. May be bypassed if skin graft used, wound too large.

34
Q

What is epiboly?

A

Edges roll

35
Q

Describe the proliferative phase

A

Granulation tissue rises, yellow fibrous membrane. Contraction occurs.

36
Q

Rank from quickest to slowest healing: circular, square, linear

A

Linear, square, circular

37
Q

Describe remodeling phase

A

Scar tissue rebuilt to increase tensile strength, maximum of 80% of pre-injury strength when complete. Scar tissue replaced with less vascular tissue, eventually increases in flexibility.

Integumentary (3 decks)

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