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Worldviews Flashcards

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1
Q

(EXAM)! **WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF A WORLDVIEW?????

A

A world view is a set of presuppositions (assumptions) which we hold about the basic makeup of the world! ***

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2
Q

What are the 4 characteristics of a Worldview???

A
  1. “WHOLISTIC” – provides a big picture for life
  2. “DYNAMIC” — in process, not statistic (means our worldview changes).
  3. “SUBJECTIVE” – shaped by our personal emotions and experiences.
  4. “SHARED” – others have a similar perspective; not just an individual look
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3
Q

Many Worldviews Are Classified Under WHAT Three (3) Categories?

A

THEISM, PANTHEISM, AND NATURALISM

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4
Q

What is Theism?? (2 things) Closed or Open system??

A
  1. An infinite, yet PERSONAL God is the ultimate reality.
  2. God is involved in this world; it is an “OPEN system”!!
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5
Q

What does it mean by “OPEN system”??

A

Open system means “God works miracles, god answers prayers, god is involved in lifes, etcc”

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6
Q

What is Pantheism?? (2 things) Closed or Open system??

A
  1. All things possess divine attributes so that nature and god are identical.
  2. “CLOSED System”
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7
Q

What does it mean by “CLOSED system”??

A

Closed System means that they believe that there is divinity in a tree, in you, in everything. So everything has a lil bit of diviness or goddess in them and there is no God that is separate from that because Nature and God are identical, Soo,, there is no separate supernatural God.

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8
Q

What is Naturalism??? Closed or Open system??

A
  1. There is no reality beyond nature.
    Matter exists eternally and is all there is.
  2. All things have natural causes and conclusions.
  3. The world is a “closed system” best understood by science.
  4. There is no need for God for there is NOTHING supernatural!!!!
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9
Q

What is the REALITY of Theism (EXAM)***

A

God (ultimate reality) is infinite (no beginning or end), personal, transcendent (awesome and glorious), omniscient (He knows all things), sovereign and good.

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10
Q

What is the Nature of Theism? (who do they believe the universe was made from?)

A

God created the universe out of nothing (“ex nihilo”).

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11
Q

Ex Nihilo meaning?

A

God created the universe out of nothing! (Theism)

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12
Q
  1. What are human beings according to Theism??? 2. What do they believe about Life and Death??
A
  • Human beings are created in the image of God (“Imago dei”).
  • Sin has marred that image and brought death.
  • ## Human beings have free choice.
  • There is LIFE after DEATH (After the resurrection) there will be either eternity with God or eternal separation from God.
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13
Q

What is the definition of Principle and Standard???? *** (EXAM)

A
  1. Principle = moral guideline that is timeless and universal. (NEVER CHANGES)
  2. Standard = application of principle to a specific situation.
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14
Q

What is the ETHICS of theism??

A

God is the source of all good and the judge of good and evil. God’s word, not our opinion, is the final standard of ethics.

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15
Q

What does Deism believe??? What does it deny????

A

Deism believes God is an intelligent Creator. Deism denies any continuing intervention or involvement by God in this world. So, they believe that it is a system set up to run without intervention

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16
Q

Reality: What is Ultimate or Prime Reality of DEISM?*** (EXAM)

A
  • A transcendent God as First Cause**
  • God is a TRANSCENDENT FORCE, not a loving, caring being! He is distant and detached. He doesn’t have relationships with human beings. (THE BIG DIFF BTWN THIS AND THEISM)
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17
Q

What is the NATURE of DEISM??? (EXAM)

A
  • A uniformity of cause and effects in a closed system.
  • (Open only at first) then is a Closed system!!!!!**
  • Nothing supernatural. NO MIRACLES, DOES NOT INTERVENE!!
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18
Q

***What is the Anthropology of Deism?? (Human beings are part of the what of the universe? Human beings have lost the ability to do what??) (EXAM!!!!!!!)

A
  • Human beings: part of the clockwork of the universe.
  • Human beings have lost the ability to act significantly – they are what they are and have little hope of becoming anything different – (lack free will).
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19
Q

*** DEISM IS BASED ON WHAT AND WHAT???? DO they have prophets, holy books?? Do they have revelation????
(EXAM)

A

Deism is based on reason and nature. (!!!!)
- No prophets, no direct intervention, no holy books, etc. They use reasons to find out the truth!!!
- Reason is primary*** – it is sufficient.
- NO SPECIAL REVELATION

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20
Q

**What is the ETHICS OF DEISM??? (EXAM)

A

Ethics is based on general revelation. (The universe is normal and revals what is right).

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21
Q

Does DEISM believe in SIN???*** (EXAM)

A
  • There is really NO “sin” (for “sin” would imply a relationship with a personal God).
  • Only violation of a vague universal moral code (like “love ur neighbor”). No real basis for ethics.**
22
Q

Is history in Theism LINEAR or not?

A

LINEAR. History does not repeat itself!! History is teleological = moving toward the climax. God is involved in history (“open system”).

23
Q

IS THERE DIVINE INTERVENTION IN DEISM??

A

NOPE!!

24
Q

** Who are the Important DEIST THINKERS???*** (EXAM)

A
  1. 17th-18th century enlightenment
  2. JOHN LOCKE***
  3. VOLTAIRE***
  4. THOMAS JEFFERSON; BEN FRANKLIN*
    - DEISM IS VERY INFLUENTIAL!!!!!! **    *
25
Q

So what is a DEIST?

A

A DEIST IS SOMEONE WHO BELIEVES IN THE EXISTENCE OF A GOD OR A SUPREME BEING BUT DENIES REVEALED RELIGION, BASTING HIS BELIEFS ON THE LIGHT OF NATURE AND REASON.*

26
Q

In DEISM, Does anyone know what will happen at death or after death??? (EXAM)

A

NO ONE KNOWS!!!!! Death is a natural reality for all mankind*****

27
Q

What are the 2 SACRED TENANTS of PANTHEISM???**

A
  1. The Cosmos is DIVINE.
    - The universe creates itself and maintains itself.
    - We should relate to the universe with awe, worship and celebration.
  2. The Earth is SACRED
    - All life is sacred and divine. God as a personal being is replaced by a mystical reverence for nature.
28
Q

What are the 2 External Co-Existent Forces???***

A
  • Pantheism asserts there are 2 equal and opposing forces in the universe that balance each other: YIN/YANG duality
  • When these forces are in balance, there is harmony. When not in balanced there is disharmony.
29
Q

Does pantheism believe life after death/ heaven or hell?? Does human beings have soul???

A
  • Human beings have no soul,
  • No life after death, no heaven or hell. This life is all there is.
  • This life is spiritual.
30
Q

In Naturalism, MATTER is the one that matters and exist eternally.
TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE!!
Matter exists eternally and is all there is. God does NOT exist

31
Q

Does Naturalism believe that there is life after death??

A

There is nothing beyond death!

32
Q

IN NATURALISM, Humans can think and know because we have achieved special evolutionary status. While in THEISM, Human beings can think and choose because they were created in the image of God.

TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

33
Q

**IN NATURALISM, Universe is ______ - ______ process.

A

Universe is an eternally self-activating process.

34
Q

IN NATURALISM, What happens to the question “WHY”?**

A

The question “why?” is left unanswered!!!!**

35
Q

In NATURALISM, THEY BELIEVE THAT There is No need for a savior and no hope for eternity.
TRUE OR FALSE???

A

TRUE!!!!

36
Q

Does NATURALISM HAVE MORAL ABSOLUTES??

A

NOPE!!!! Means that you can’t say it’s wrong to steal or adultery because we don’t know the situation or the context or the individual.

37
Q

What is NIHILISM??? (an extension of Naturalism)**

A

Nihilism is the belief that all values are baseless and that NOTHING can be known or communicated. (basically the belief of nothing)
- Life without objective meaning, life without purpose, without value.
- “Birth → painful life → death. And that’s it. That’s life”
- NO BASIS OF MORALITY AND ONLY CHANCE!!!!!!!!!!
- (Basically believes that nothing is true except from ur point of view. But u can’t be sure of that because there’s no facts, there’s only opinions and so forth)

38
Q

What is ANIMISM??**

A

Animism - worship of spirits that’s throughout nature (tree, volcano, ancestors, etc)
*PART OF PANTHEISM** (remember, religions of pantheism is: animism, hinduism, taoism, and new age)

39
Q

WHO IS **FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE???

A
  • German philosopher
  • “There are no facts, only interpretations.”
  • “Faith is not wanting to know what is true.”
  • Life is worthless and hope is the worst of evils because it prolongs the torments of man.
40
Q

What is FREEDOM ACCORDING TO NIHILISM?????? WHAT ABOUT UR CHOICES??*** EXAM

A
  • Freedom = what we think is freedom only appears to be free. Nihilism says you only appear to be free. Freedom is never really free because we don’t know the things we do.
  • CHOICES = Since my decisions aren’t really mine because of the result of unknown choices. So, if they aren’t really mine, then I CANNOTTTTTT be held accountable for them.
41
Q

ARE YOU ACCOUNTABLE FOR UR CHOICES ACCORDING TO NIHILISM??? THEN, DOES HUMAN FEEL GUILTY ABOUT IT?

A

NOPE!!! AND YES, we have this sense of guilt. Without God, without morality, we are simply guilty of guilt.

42
Q
  • Naturalism & Chance: chance is the result of ___.
  • Nihilism & Chance: Chance is absolutely _____ & purposeless
  • Chance is ___ but becomes a ____ in a universe of absurd_____.
    -_____ is the key word in Nihilism.
  • No basis for ____ AND _____ OR _____. There is ONLY CHANCE!!!
A
  1. CHANGE
  2. RANDOM
  3. CAUSELESS, CAUSE, CHANCE
  4. ABSURD
  5. No basis for MORALITY AND PURPOSE/MEANING OR DIRECTION IN LIFE. There is ONLY CHANCE!!!
43
Q

* WHAT IS THE Trio of themes IN NIHILISM?? (EXAM)

A

Trio of themes: Nihilism, sex, and violence

44
Q

What is Existentialism???

A

“The philosophy that existence takes precedence over essence and asserts that human beings are totally free and responsible for his acts. This responsibility is the source of dread and anguish (guilt) that encompass mankind”.

45
Q

What’s the main difference between Nihilism and Existentialism???? (responsibility of our choices and guilt)

A

Different than Nihilism because they said that we’re not really free, we only think we’re free and if we’re not free, we’re NOT responsible but we still feel guilty because we think we should be better than we are.But here, they said that we can be free, but if we are free, we are responsible and that is where our guilt come from!!!!

46
Q

Does existentialism believe that life is without purpose/meaning like nihilism????

A

NOPE ACTUALLY! They believe that Without life there is no meaning.

47
Q
  • “Existentialism” strongly favors the SUBJECTIVE!!!!!!**
  • The cosmos may be absurd but you can create meaning!!!
A
48
Q

IN EXISTENTIALISM, CHOOSING: Choice** is the ultimate act of existence.
TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

49
Q

WHO ARE THE 5 KEY EXISTENTIALIST?? ***(EXAM)

A
  1. KIERKAGAARD*****
  2. MARTIN HEIDEGGER
  3. Jean-Paul Sartre
  4. SIMONE DE BEAUVOIR
  5. ALBERT CAMUS
50
Q

wHAT is postmodernism’s most important value??

A
  • Legitimate tolerance: Idea that there’s things that are right and wrong, but you respect people’s freedom of choice. “They may be wrong but I will respect you”
  • Tolerance as moral weakness: You must never say that anyone or any idea is wrong because that would be intolerance.
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World Religion (3 decks)

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