World War Two Flashcards
Who was the Treaty of Versailles between and who created it?
The Treaty of Versailles was between Germany and the Allies. It was created by the Allies with minimal input from the Germans
Why was the Treaty of Versailles created?
Prevent Create Resolve
- Prevent future conflicts.
- Create League of Nations.
- Resolve tension in Baltic States.
Why did Germany loose WW1?
- Americas entry into the war.
- Revolution in Germany.
- British naval blockade was highly successful in crippling German industry and interrupting food supplies.
The four main players in the Treaty of Versailles?
Vittorio Olando (Italy), Clemenceau (France), Woodrow Wilson (America) and Lloyd George (Britain)
What did France get out of the Treaty?
wanted revenge for the suffering Germany had
- control German aggression and take away land.
- pay for the damage in reparations.
What did America want out of the Treaty?
- control German aggression.
- punish Germany, but not to harsh conditions that would make Germany want revenge.
- base peace treaty on fourteen points.
- establish League of Nations to prevent future war.
What did Britain want out of the Treaty?
- to end German threat to British navy and empire.
- to prevent Germany from becoming so weak that the revival of British and European economy was hindered.
- to avoid humiliating Germany so much that they wanted revenge.
What date did WW1 end on?
11th November 1918
Treaty of Versailles date it was signed.
January 1919
Main Terms of Treaty
- loss of land and resources.
- army limited
- no Air Force
- Rhineland demilitarised
- Allies demanded Germany to pay reparations of 6 billion.
- forbidden to mingle with Austria
- Germany had to accept sole blame for starting WW1
What were the aims of The League of Nations?
- to preserve the peace through collective action.
- to promote international cooperation in economic and social affairs.
What was the most important part of the League of Nations?
That America did not show and go through with it.
Why did Hitler dislike the Jews?
- They were different, they congregated together.
- Jewish people lended money all over Europe and then would charge interest.
- Dislikes the physical features of Jew.
- Scape goat to blame for WW1
When was the Great Depression
1929
What was the three main causes of WW2?
- Treaty of Versailles
- Great Depression
- Policy of Appeasment
What was the Great Depression?
In the Wall Street the stock market crashed, this caused a plunge in an already depressed world into a 10 year depression.
What was the Policy of Appeasement?
Britain and France were desperate to avoid war. The allies continued to accommodate and tolerate German territorial expansion.
1939
Hitler invades Poland on the 1st of September. Britain and France declare war on Germany.
1940
BHFCB
Germany invades Belgium, Holland and France.
- Churchill becomes prime minister of Britain.
- The British won against Germany in the Battle of Britain, therefore Hitler had to postpone his invasion plans.
1941
BBTP
Hitler invades Russia.
- Germany attacks Britain’s major cities such as London.
- Allies occupy Tobruk in North Africa.
- Japan attacks Pearl Harbour and enters the war.
1942
SHDK
Singapore falls to the Japanese in February and 25,000 prisoners are taken.
Bombing of Darwin
Kokoda Track
Mass murder of Jewish people at Auschwitz commences.
1943
SINABIJ
Surrender at Stalingrad marks Germany’s first major defeat.
- Allied victory in North Africa enables invasion of Italy to be launched.
- Italy surrenders
- British and Indian forces fight Japanese in Burma.
Allies
USA
- Britain
- France
- Australia
Axis Powers
Germany
- Italy
- Japan
1944
IDD
- Allies land in Italy and bomb a monastery.
- D Day: The Allied invasion of France. 6th June
1945
BJS
- Auschwitz liberated by Soviet troops.
- Russians reach Berlin and Hitler commits suicide on April the 30th
- Atomic Bombs are dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
- Japan surrenders on the 14th of August.
What was Hitlers vision for Germany?
- National Pride
- Economic Strength and Recovery.
- Strong and stable government.
Ideas that Hitler had, what he wanted to achieve?
Aryan people are a superior race and will get the best job.
- Non-Aryan people would have no place in Germany. They would be sent away or killed.
- Help Germany recover from the Great Depression.
- Germany would win back the land lost by the Treaty of Versailles.
How did the Nazis run Germany?
- Dictatorship
- One party state
- Economic success
- Police state (SS)
- Propganda
What race did Hitler think was pure and how did he aim to create it?
Aryan people (blonde haired, blue eyed). These people were racially pure. He attempted to achieve this by getting rid of undesirable qualities. Woman were to have as many pure children as possible and should be prevented from marrying men of other races.
What date was the bombing of Darwin?
The first time Australian mainland was under attack by the Japanese was 19th of February 1942
What was the motives for the bombing of Darwin?
The Japanese wanted to invade Timor and they believed that a disruptive air attack would hinder Darwin’s potential as a base for which the Allies could launch counter offensive attacks.
What date did the air attacks end on Australia?
November 1943
Who voted for the Nazis?
They won their greatest support from upper middle class and lower middle class.
- Catholics, the unemployed and industrial workers remained least likely to vote for the Nazis.
- The young tended to be more supportive of the Nazi party.
What were the three groups that Hitler targeted?
Jews
- Gypsies
- Homosexuals
The Nuremburg Laws
- Marriages between Germans and Jews are forbidden.
- Extramarital relations between Jews and Germans are forbidden.
- Jews are not permitted to hoist the Swastika flag.
In the lead up to WW2 how were the Jews treated?
- All Jewish wealth exceeding 5000 marks had to be recorded.
- Jews with any police record were sent to concentration camps.
- All Jewish businesses had to be registered.
- All Jewish children were banned from schooling.
- All Jews were required to have the letter J stamped on their passport.
- Destruction of Jewish synagogue.
- Jews were required to surrender their drivers licence.
- Not allowed outdoors past 8:00pm
Antisemitism
-Hostility towards Jews
Who was held responsible for all of Germany’s post-war problems?
The Jews were used as a scapegoat. For example the Jewish socialist politicians were held responsible for the harsh conditions from the Treaty of Versailles.
The Final Solution
The Final Solution to the Jewish Problem was the term Nazis used to refer to their plans to completely exterminate the Jewish people.
When was the fall of Singapore?
8-15th of February 1942
Who was the fight for Singapore between?
The allies and Japan
Why did Britain surrender?
At 8:30 pm allied troops were ordered to lay down their weapons, this was due to a lack of water, ammunition and petrol.
-This is considered to be the largest British-led surrender in British military history.
How many casualties did Japan have by the end of the Battle of Singapore?
5000
How many troops did each side have in the Battle for Singapore?
85000 allies
36000 Japan
What happened after the Battle for Singapore?
15000 allied soldiers were taken prisoner of war.
What was the name of the place where all of the prisoners of war were taken?
Changi
In total over the course of the war how many Australians became prisoner of war to Japan?
22000
When did World War Two start and end?
September 1st 1939-September 2nd 1945
Death toll for Jews
Approximately 5.7 million
Fascism
Ideology or belief system that stresses nationalism and the importance of the state over the individual.
Communism
Everyone is equal
Hirohito
Emperor of Japan during WW2
Franklin Rosavelt
President of the United State of America during WW2
Benito Mussolini
Italy’s ruler during WW2
What caused WW2 to end?
The dropping of Atomic Bombs on Japan caused them to surrender, and the war was over.
What was created after World War Two finished?
The United Nations and their declaration of human rites.
What caused America to come into the war?
The bombing of Pearl Harbour by the Japanese.
John Curtin
Prime Minister of Australia during World War Two
What date was Pearl Harbour?
December 7th 1941
Where is Pearl Harbour?
Hawaii
What happened at Pearl Harbour?
The Japanese military launched a surprise attack upon the American Naval Base.
What was the ripple affect of Pearl Harbour?
America declared war against Japan which meant that America had officially entered WW2.
What were the two cities names that were the receivers of Atomic a Bombs?
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
What happened after the atomic bombs were dropped?
Skin was falling off people.
Many died 30 days later who seemed unharmed
A lot of casualties occurred after the bomb was dropped due to the radiation.
How many Australians fought overseas?
Over 500,000
Where did Australian troops fight overseas?
Europe The Mediterranean North Africa South-East Asia The Pacific
What was Japan hoping to succeed in doing in their campaign in Papua New Guinea?
The Japanese wanted to capture the capital city, Port Moresby
Why was the Kokoda campaign so crucial to Australia?
If the Japanese had succeeded in taking Papua New Guineas capital, Australia’s mainland would have come under direct threat.
What were disadvantages that the Australian soldiers had on the Kokoda track?
-Supply Shortages
Five to one (outnumbered)
-Just fresh from training very inexperienced.
They were told going for a holiday and to bring tennis rackets.
Who won the fight of Kokoda?
The AIF troops managed to defeat the Japanese, causing them to withdraw from their campaign.
When and where was the Treaty of Versailles signed?
Versailles Palace, near Paris. It was signed on the 28th of June 1919
Reasons for German defeat
- British naval blockade was highly. successful in interrupting food supplies to Germany.
- Germany was unable to break British blockade.
- Use of tanks from the allies was highly successful.
- Americas entry into the war.
- Revolution in Germany.
Fascist States
Italy
Germany
Spain
Jewish Flaws according to Hitler
Mass movement of people congregate together.
Koscha
Jewish people lent money all over Europe and would charge interest.
Jews killed Jesus
Different people and different practices
Reich
German government
Rhineland
No mans land
Causes of WWII
Treaty of Versailles
Great Depression
Policy of Appeasement
How did the Great Depression affect Hilter and his rise to power?
The Great Depression made all of Germany’s spirits low and depressed, then came along Hitler who promised that Germany will rise to power again.
Fascism
Control over everything in the country, including the press.
Nationalism
A sense of pride and love for ones country.
Where did the Australian soldiers fight?
Germany Italy The Mediterranean North Africa South East Asia The Pacific
What was the aim for the Policy of Appeasement?
Actions by France and Britain to try and keep Hitler happy. They were desperate to avoid war with Germany so they tried an appeasement. It failed.
Blitzkrieg Tactics
Germany would use an approach that combined air and land forces to overrun the enemy.
How did the Great Depression affect the start of WW2
The great depression caused mass unemployment, the instability caused extreme policies from Germany as they were economically desperate.
When was the war guilt clause fully repaid?
2010
What was the pros and cons for Japan in the Treaty of Versailles?
Japan was granted permission to keep Chinese territory that it had seized from Japan. However its racial equality clause was opposed, this caused a malfunction in Japans relationship with Europe and lead to the rise of nationalism and militarism.
Militarism
Militarism is the belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.
What was the role for women in WW2 in Australia?
Women were initially expected to fundraise, encourage enlistment and maintain the home. However as the war came closer to Australia women were encouraged to join all three forces. They took over mens jobs so that they could be freed to join the overseas forces. Such as tram conductors, taxi driers and truck drivers. Women then were put in charge of manufacturing ammunition and military equipment. Many farms were suffering from a shortage of workers. The Women’s Land Army was set up to distribute women to farms and to keep food production going.
How did the war influence life for a Women after the war?
At the end of the war there was a expectation that the women would return back to domestic duties, this did happen however there was a minority who stayed in their positions.
How did the war end in Europe?
In September 1944, on foot allied troops invaded Germany. Bombs were dropped on Berlin where Hitler remained in his bunker, he committed suicide and Germany soon after surrendered on the 7th of May 1945.
What was the war in the Pacific and who dominated it?
Japan quickly became a forced to be reckoned with. After Pearl Harbour they occupied Malaya, Singapore, Hong Kong, The Philippines and some other Asian countries. They were seriously underestimated but very clever by using a combination of naval and air forces.
How did war affect Sydney Harbour?
May 31st 1942, three Japanese submarines and 5 mini submarines entered Sydney Harbour. They sank a ferry carrying military personel. 21 people died before the Australian Armed forces were able to get it under control.
What does censorship mean?
It means that someone is not telling you the whole story and is afraid that something might happen is the reciever has knowledge of the whole picture.
How did the Australian Government use censorship throughout WW2 to attempt to protect the Australian government?
They believe that with obtaining censorship across all forms of media to ensure a tight national security and boost public morale. An example of this was when the Japanese bombed Darwin the loss of lives were downplayed in newspapers and on radio.
The Prime Minister of Australia throughout World War Two?
John Curtin
Timeline of events WW2, America, Australia
God help me
1770-Australia declared terra nullius
1778-Colonisation
1861-Emancipation Proclamation
American Civil War
1862-Jim Crow Laws were established
1865-1870 Series of Constitutional Amendments
1867-First Meeting of the KKK
1869-Protection Act and laws
1896-Plessy vs Ferguson Case upheld the principle of “separate but equal”
1901-Federation and constitution
1919-Treaty of Versailles is established and signed
1933-Hitler becomes chancellor of Germany leading the Nazi party.
1938-Attack on Jewish People known as Kristallnacht
1938-Day of Mourning
1939-Hitler invades Poland on the 1st of September. Britain and France declare war on Germany.
1940-Germany invades Belgium, Holland and France.
Churchill becomes prime minister of Britain.
The British won against Germany in the Battle of Britain, therefore Hitler had to postpone his invasion plans.
1941-Hitler invades Russia.
Germany attacks Britain’s major cities such as London.
Allies occupy Tobruk in North Africa.
Japan attacks Pearl Harbour and enters the war.
1942-Singapore falls to the Japanese in February
Bombing of Darwin
Kokoda Track
Mass murder of Jewish people at Auschwitz commences.
1943-Surrender at Stalingrad marks Germany’s first major defeat.
Allied victory in North Africa enables invasion of Italy to be launched.
Italy surrenders
British and Indian forces fight Japanese in Burma.
1944-Allies land in Italy and bomb a monastery.
D Day: The Allied invasion of France.
1945- Auschwitz liberated by Soviet troops.
Russians reach Berlin and Hitler commits suicide on April the 30th
Atomic Bombs are dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
Japan surrenders on the 14th of August.
The war ends on the 2nd of September
United Nations is formed
1948-United Nations Declarations of Human Rights is produced
1954-Brown vs Board of Education decision overturned “separate but equal”
1955-The Case of Emmett Till
1962-Right to vote
1964-Three civil rights workers are murdered
1965-Freedom rides begin
1966-Wave Hill walkout
1967-Referendum and Aboriginal Land Rights
1972-Tent Embassy
1975-Land Rights Act in NT
1992-Mabo case kills principle of terra nullius and Redfern Speech
1997-Bringing them home report
2008-Apology from Kevin Rudd
Explain Australia’s relationship with Britain and the USA throughout the war?
Australia entered the war with full commitment to Britain and to serve the empire. However by the end of the war Britain had become very dependant on the USA as the war had taken a huge economic and financial toll. Britain struggling to make ends meet neglected the war in Asia and chose to send limited sources to there. This shot them right in the bum when the Japanese planned an attack on Singapore and Britain experienced largest defeat in history. The Prime Minister of the time John Curtin chose to move his troops from the Middle East to home soil, this was against Britain’s wishes. This led to a long term consequence of that Australia could no longer rely on Britain to dented them. Australia now focused their relationships towards America and worked on gaining their loyalty. By the end of the war John Curtin had placed the Australian soldiers under the control of the United States. Important step in Australia establishing its independence.
Leader of Italy throughout the war.
Benito Mussolini
Definition of Fascism
Fascism is a one party government that has control over everything such as the media, military and government.
