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History > World War One > Flashcards

World War One Flashcards

1
Q

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

A

Heir to Austro-Hungarian Empire throne, assassinated on the 28th of June 1914.

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2
Q

Gavrilo Princip

A

A 19 year old Bosnian Serb who killed the archduke. member of Young Bosnia.

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3
Q

Winston Churchill

A

First Lord of the Admiralty, controlled British Royal Navy

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4
Q

Andrew Fisher

A

Australian Labour Party leader, 1914-1915

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5
Q

Kaiser Wilhelm II

A

The German ruler who wanted to create a colonial empire and build up the German Navy

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6
Q

John Simpson

A

‘Simpson and his donkey’, evacuated men on his donkey until he was killed on the 19th of May.

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7
Q

Sir Ian Hamilton

A

British General, command of the Gallipoli operations.

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8
Q

William Morris Hughes

A

Australian Labour Prime Minister, 1915

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9
Q

Daniel Mannix

A

Melbourne’s Catholic Archbishop, anti-conscription

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10
Q

Winston Churchill’s three reasons for attacking Gallipoli:

A
  1. Turkey would be defeated and the Austria-Hungarian Empire would be threatened.
  2. Greece, Romania and Bulgaria would be persuaded to join the Allies.
  3. Supplies could be shipped through the Dardanelles to Russian troops who were fighting Germany on the western front.
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11
Q

When did America join the war?

A

April, 1917

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12
Q

When did Italy join the Allies?

A

May, 1915

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13
Q

How many ANZACS were lost in the Gallipoli campaign?

A

7591 Australians and 2431 New Zealand dead

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14
Q

How many ANZACS died on the first day of fighting?

A

2300 died.

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15
Q

Conscription

A

compulsory military service.

All allied powers accept Australia had conscripted soldiers in their armies.

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16
Q

Enlistment

A

Soldiers voluntarily joining the army.

Australian men rushed to enlist in the first months of war.

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17
Q

No-man’s land

A

The area between the enemy trench lines.

Barbed wire marked the beginning of no man’s land on the western front.

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18
Q

War of attrition

A

a war in which both sides try to wear down the other with more weapons and soldiers.
With trench warfare, WWI became a war of attrition.

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19
Q

Ultimatum

A

A final set of demands which if not met leads to a declaration of war.
Austria-Hungary presented Serbia with an ultimatum in July 1914.

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20
Q

Blockade

A

cutting off supplies to the enemy.

German U-boats tried to break the naval blockade Britain had imposed on Germany.

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21
Q

Stalemate

A

A situation where both sides are evenly matched and neither side can gain and advantage.
By the end of 1914, the Allies and Central Powers were locked in a stalemate.

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22
Q

Referendum

A

a vote of all the electorates (in Australian states and population) on a yes/no proposition.
e.g. the 1916, 1917 referenda on conscription.

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23
Q

Mobilisation

A

The readying of troops, military supplies to move into the battlefield; putting the nation onto a war footing.
The Schieffen Plan relied on Russia being slow o mobilise.

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24
Q

Assassination

A

The murder of a political figure for political purposes.

e.g. Princip, a Serbian nationalist, shot Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne.

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25
Q

Reasons for WWI (3)

A

> Nationalism
Imperialism
Balance of power

26
Q

About nationalism…

A

Germany and Italy united
Countries in the Balkans (Bosnia, Serbia) affected.
National movements brought the Balkans into conflict with their rulers (Austro-Hungarian Empire)

27
Q

About imperialism…

A

Nineteenth century- Age of the Empires.
The Dutch, British and French took over from Spain and Portugal as the leading empires.
Empires were seen as essential to industrial POWER.

28
Q

Balance of power…

A

Theory of foreign relations.

29
Q

Who were the Great Powers of Europe in 1914?

A

Britain, France, Germany, Russia and Austria-Hungary.

30
Q

About the triple alliance…

A

Between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy. They agreed they would each help the others if any of them were attacked my Russia. It was created in 1882.

31
Q

About the Triple Entente…

A

The triple entente was created in 1907 between Britain, France and Russia after Britain and Russia settled their differences.

32
Q

What was the strait that led to the Sea of Marmara?

A

The Dardanelles

33
Q

Where and when did the Anzacs land for the Gallipoli operations?

A

North of Gaba Tepe, on the dawn of the 25th of April 1915

34
Q

What are two problems the Anzacs encountered on the first day?

A
  1. The Anzacs had to reach the shore in landing boats

2. The Turks had the advantage as they had high territory and could easily shoot the Anzacs down.

35
Q

What did the Anzacs achieve on the first day?

A

They managed to ‘dig in’ and keep a few square kilometres of beach. Also, it was an achievement of courage over inexperience for the Anzacs.

36
Q

How did the Anzacs make ammunition?

A

By putting explosives, nails, stones and shrapnel into jam tins.

37
Q

What were the Anzacs military tactics?

A

Catching Turkish grenades and throwing them back before they exploded. Mining under enemy trenches and blowing them up from beneath. Bayonet charges were frequent but doomed because they would quickly be shut down.

38
Q

What were the diseases that came from the flies?

A

Dysentery and typhoid

39
Q

About the battle of Lone Pine…

A

It was in August 1915 and was aimed at breaking the deadlock and seizing the high ground. They were trying to divert Turkish forces. The Australians had 2300 casualties and the Turks lost 6000 men.

40
Q

The battle of The Nek…

A

It was on the 7th of August 1915 and it was meat to divert Turkish troops. It was a bayonet charge of the Australian Light Horse Brigade. Four lines of 150 men left the trenches. It failed because the Turks simply shot them down because the Australian naval bombardment of the Turkish trenches stopped to soon.

41
Q

The Withdrawal…

A

The Anzacs left Gallipoli in December 1915. It took 2 nights. They were at Gallipoli for 7 months. The withdrawal was considered a success because the Turks didn’t realise the Australians had left.

42
Q

Australians at war- who, where and why:

A

It was mainly the working class of Australia who went to war. There was may reasons for them enlisting. These were the desire of travel and adventure but also the need to escape unemployment.

43
Q

28 June 1914

A

assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo

44
Q

1882

A

Triple alliance created: Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy

45
Q

1907

A

Triple Entente created: Britain, Russia and France

46
Q

23 July 1914

A

Austria presented Serbia with an ultimatum.

47
Q

4 August 1914

A

Beginning of WWI

48
Q

May 1915

A

Italy joined the allies

49
Q

November 1915

A

Russia’s involvement in the war ended

50
Q

May 1915

A

sinking of the Lusitania

51
Q

1916

A

Irish rebels unsuccessfully revolted against British rule in Ireland

52
Q

9 November 1914

A

Sydney sank the German raider Emden

53
Q

25 April 1915

A

Anzac landing at Gallipoli

54
Q

How many soldiers did the Anzacs have?

A

Australian lost 7591 men

New Zealand lost 2431 men

55
Q

About battle of Fromelles- date, goal and result

A

19 July 1916, it was meant to divert German reserve troops. Australia 5th division suffered over 5000 casualties.

56
Q

battle at Bullecourt- date, goal, result

A

April 1917, the goal was to attack German trenches with tanks. The Tanks broke down, Australia suffered 80% casualties.

57
Q

Battle at Ypres- date, goal result

A

September and October 1917, goal was to keep hold of Bullecourt. AIF suffered 38000 casualties.

58
Q

At Villers-Bretonneux

A

March 1918, goal was to hold Villers-Bretonneux against Germany. It played a key role in turning back German forces.

59
Q

At Pozieres, date, goal, result

A

23 July 1916, goal was to take and hold the German town. The AIF suffered almost 23000 casualties.

60
Q

Name the 12 parts of trench warfare:

A

A. Trenches were designed in a zigzag pattern
B. trench toilets known as latrines
C. 300, 000 field workers to cook and supply food
D. Sandbags filled with Earth
E. Machine guns
F. Fire steps and ladders
G. Soldier kits with nearly 30kg of equipment
H. Barbed wire
I. No man’s land
J. Duckboards were wooden boards placed on the bottom of trenches and in other muddy areas
K. Gas masks
L. Hard conditions.

History (3 decks)

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