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American Democracy > World War ll > Flashcards

World War ll Flashcards

1
Q

How long/what years did World War 2 last?

A

1939 to 1945

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2
Q

What was the costliest war in history?

A

WW2, both in terms of money and lives lost.

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3
Q

What is a blitzkrieg?

A

The lightning war of Germany or the very fast way they fought

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4
Q

Who led the “free French” from the safety of Great Britain?

A

Charles de Gaulle

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5
Q

What was the Luftwaffe?

A

The German air force

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6
Q

What were the two sides, their leaders, and who won?

A

The Allies (Winners)
Great Britain led by Winston Churchill
France led by Charles de Gaulle
The United States led by Franklin Roosevelt
The Soviet Union led by Joseph Stalin
China
45 other nations

The Axis Powers
Germany led by Adolf Hitler
Italy led by Benito Mussolini
Japan led by Hirohito

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7
Q

What was the Miracle of Dunkirk?

A

When Great Britain went to help Poland, they were unprepared for the blitzkrieg of the German army, so they were pushed back and caught between the English Channel and the German army. In order to rescue their army, the British people sent all sorts of boats across the Channel to rescue their soldiers from the advancing German army. This happened in Dunkirk, France.

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8
Q

What were panzer units?

A

German tank units

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9
Q

What new advances/technology was available during WW2?

A

SONAR and RADAR, the jeep, penicillin, code machines, pill boxes

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10
Q

What was the name of the German code machine that was so difficult to break?

A

Enigma

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11
Q

With the fall of France in 1940, Great Britain alone stood against…

A

Germany in western Europe.

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12
Q

What was the London Blitz?

A

57 consecutive days of bombing of London by Germany in the hopes of getting Great Britain to surrender. They did not.

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13
Q

Who was Winston Churchill and what did he do?

A

Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of England, was a great orator who kept Great Britain from giving in to discouragement and motivated to win the war; inspiring the British to continue fighting in order to turn back the Germans.

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14
Q

What was the costliest mistake of Germany?

A

They stopped bombing London and invaded the Soviet Union, bringing the Soviet Union into the war.

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15
Q

The United States was determined to stay out of the war, so what brought the U.S. into the war?

A

The attacking of the U.S. naval base in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, by the Japanese on December 7, 1941, killing 2,400 Americans and sinking - among other ships - the USS Arizona, which is now a memorial to the victims

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16
Q

What did President Franklin Roosevelt say of the attack on Pearl Harbor?

A

It was “a date which shall live in infamy” and asked Congress to declare war on Germany. They did.

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17
Q

What was Japan’s most serious mistake?

A

Attacking the United States, bringing us into the war

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18
Q

Whom did Hitler consider the master race?

A

Aryans

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19
Q

Who did Hitler consider to be “undesirables” and placed them in concentration camps?

A

Jews, blacks, Roma or Gypsies, physically handicapped, slavs, homosexuals, mentally ill

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20
Q

What is genocide?

A

The deliberate murder of a people group

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21
Q

What was the “final solution?”

A

Germany’s plan to systematically kill the Jews

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22
Q

What was the progression of taking freedoms from the Jews with the intent to kill them?

A

Forced to wear the star of David which identified them as Jewish, moved to ghettos, moved to concentration camps

23
Q

How many people were killed in concentration camps and how many of them were Jews?

A

11 million total killed, with 6 million Jews killed

24
Q

What are ghettos?

A

Certain sections of a city that is inhabited by a particular ethnic groups, often as a result of social discrimination

25
Q

What were concentration camps?

A

Camps in which people are detained, usually under harsh conditions. Under the Nazis, inhabitants of the concentration camps were tattooed with numbers, which identified them

26
Q

Name four concentration camps.

A

Bergen-Belsen, Treblinka, Auschwitz, Dachau

27
Q

What was the holocaust?

A

The massacre of 6 million Jews and almost as many “undesirables” by the German Nazis

28
Q

Who were the Big Three? Make sure to know countries as well.

A

The leaders of the main Allied nations: Franklin Roosevelt of the United States, Winston Churchill of Great Britain, and Joseph Stalin of the Soviet Union

29
Q

What brought an end to the Great Depression.

A

WWll Directing all of the economic resources into the war effort

30
Q

Items needed for the war effort were rationed, or limited to civilians, in order to…

A

make sure the soldiers had what they needed.

31
Q

Under the pressures of war, even democratic nations limited…

A

the rights of their citizens, censoring the press and limiting the freedom of speech.

32
Q

In the United States and Canada, many Japanese citizens were forced to leave their homes and businesses and relocate to ____________on the fear that they may be spies for Japan.

A

internment camps

33
Q

Who became a symbol for the “can do” attitude of women in WW2?

A

Rosie the Riveter

34
Q

What was the main turning point of the war?

A

D-Day or the Invasion of Normandy:
*June 6, 1944 on the beaches of Normandy, France
*U.S. General Dwight D. Eisenhower was Supreme Allied Commander in charge of all Allied forces in Europe
*Largest seaborne invasion in history
*Code names of the beaches were Omaha, Juno, Sword, Utah, and Gold
*Allies gain a foothold into Europe
*The beginning-of-the-end for Germany

35
Q

What U.S. general had to pull out of the Philippines as the Japanese were preparing to invade, but promised the Filipino people, “I shall return?”

A

General Douglas MacArthur

36
Q

What was the Bataan Death March?

A

A brutal, torturous march that the Japanese forced American and Filipino prisoners to make after the Japanese had taken the Philippines

37
Q

Why did the Japanese feel they could brutally mistreat prisoners of war?

A

They believed surrender was dishonorable

38
Q

The Big Three met and decided to defeat Germany before turning their attention to defeating the Japanese.

A

True

39
Q

Hitler survived several assassination attempts, at least one by German military leaders.

A

True

40
Q

Who was captured and killed while Hitler committed suicide in an underground bunker in Berlin. The Soviets discovered and claimed his body.

A

Mussolini

41
Q

What was V-E Day?

A

Victory in Europe, the day the Allies defeated the German army; May 8, 1945

42
Q

Even after the defeat of the Germans, Japan…

A

refused to surrender.

43
Q

What are kamikaze?

A

Japanese pilots who undertook suicide missions in the hopes of defeating the Allies

44
Q

What was the Manhattan Project? 7

A

The research and development that led to the United States developing an atomic bomb or nuclear explosion

45
Q

Franklin Roosevelt died in the last days of the war in Europe. Who became president and had to make the decision on dropping the atomic bomb?

A

Harry S. Truman)

46
Q

What German Jew was a lead scientist in the development of the atomic bomb?

A

Albert Einstein

47
Q

What was the first atomic bomb dropped and where was it dropped, and what was the plane that dropped it?

A

(Little Boy was the bomb dropped on Hiroshima, Japan. It was dropped from the plane the Enola Gay.

48
Q

Where was the second bomb dropped and what was its name?

A

Over Nagasaki, Japan; it was named Fat Man

49
Q

On __________, World War 2 came to an official end with the signing of surrender papers on board the_______________.

A

September 2, 1945

USS Missouri

50
Q

How many people died in WW2 and which nation had the highest number of casualties?

A

(at least 75 million died, with the Soviet Union having the highest number of casualties

51
Q

What were the Nuremberg Trials?

A

The trials of German military leaders who were responsible for the “crimes against humanity” that were committed in WW2

52
Q

What was the escape plan by Nazi leaders in which they would make their way to South America?

A

Odessa

53
Q

At the end of WW2, what replaced the League of Nations?

A

The United Nations, and the United States participated this time

54
Q

The Allied Alliance would soon fall apart and lead to another world conflict, the Cold War.

A

True

American Democracy (2 decks)

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