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World War II Flashcards

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1
Q

What were the major causes of World War II?

A

Rise of dictators in Europe and treaty of Versailles

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2
Q

How did dictators rise to power?

A

They promised to bring prosperity to the people.

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3
Q

What were the four kinds of dictatorship, and where were they prevalent?

A

Fascism: Italy and Spain
Nazism: Germany
Communism: Soviet Union
Militarism: Japan

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4
Q

What beliefs did all dictatorships share?

A

Fanatic loyalty to country, police controlled states, and racism.

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5
Q

What year did the Bolshevik Revolution take place in?

A

1917

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6
Q

Who became the leader of the Soviet Union after the death of Vladimir Lenin?

A

Joseph Stalin

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7
Q

Who led fascism in Italy and in what year did he come to power?

A

Benito Mussolini. 1922

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8
Q

What 3 things did Mussolini do soon after he came to power?

A

Abolished democracy, outlawed political parties, and put all enemies in prison.

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9
Q

Who was the leader of Spain?

A

Francisco Franco

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10
Q

What is the official name of the Nazi party?

A

German Democratic Socialist Workers Party

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11
Q

What year was Hitler elected into power?

A

1933

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12
Q

What does Hitler promise the people of Germany?

A

Prosperity and revenge for Versailles.

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13
Q

What did Hitler refer to his empire as?

A

“Third Reich” Nazi empire

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14
Q

What 2 groups did Hitler enforce to turn Germany into a police state?

A

Gestapo (secret police) and Black Shirts (SS)

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15
Q

What was the symbol of the Nazis?

A

Swastika

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16
Q

What book did Hitler write during his time in prison?

A

Mein Kampff

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17
Q

Who were the German “master race”?

A

Aryans/Pure Germans

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18
Q

What does “untermensch” mean?

A

Subhumans

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19
Q

Who were deemed “undesirables” by the Nazis?

A

Slavs, Gypsies, Jehovah witnesses, homosexuals, handicapped, black, Americans, and Jews.

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20
Q

How old did one have to be to join the Hitler youth?

A

13-18

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21
Q

How were Hitler youth trained?

A

Girls: good strong mothers to create good strong children
Boys: good soldiers

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22
Q

How were the Hitler youth brainwashed?

A

Nazi propaganda in schools.

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23
Q

Who was the main target of Nazi hated?

A

Jews

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24
Q

What were the Nuremberg laws, and when were they approved?

A

Jews are segregated and labeled with a Star of David, could not go to public places, and restricted to manual labor jobs. 1933

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25
Q

Why were the Nuremberg laws passed?

A

To try and get the Jews to leave.

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26
Q

When and what was Kristallnacht

A
  1. An organized massacre against the German Jewish community.
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27
Q

How did the Jews respond to Kristallnacht?

A

They left Germany to find a new home.

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28
Q

Why did they return?

A

No other country could take them all. Great Depressions

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29
Q

What is militarism?

A

Glorification of war

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30
Q

Who is in charge of Japan’s military?

A

Hideki Tojo

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31
Q

Who was the Japanese emperor, and why did he not stop militarism?

A

Hirohito. He was a puppet to Hideki.

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32
Q

How did the Japanese obtain resources?

A

Conquest.

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33
Q

What kind of empires did Japan, Germany, and Italy want to create?

A

Japan: Asian empire
Germany: European empire
Italy: African empire + restored Roman empire

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34
Q

When does Japan take over Korea.

A

1910

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35
Q

What two sides are fighting in the 1930’s Chinese civil war?

A

Nationalists and Communists

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36
Q

Which Chinese territory did Japan first take in 1931?

A

Manchuria

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37
Q

When did the go to war with China?

A

1937

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38
Q

What country did Italy conquer in 1933?

A

Ethiopia

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39
Q

What two countries does Hitler take in 1938?

A

Austria and Czechoslovakia

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40
Q

What was the “dress rehearsal” for WWII in 1936

A

Spanish Civil War

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41
Q

What did the League of Nations do to stop the dictators and their conquering?

A

Nothing. They feared another war right after the last one.

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42
Q

When was the Munich pact signed, and who signed it for Great Britain?

A
  1. Neville Chamberlain.
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43
Q

What country does Hitler threaten to take in 1939, and did he intend to?

A

Poland. No, he was bluffing.

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44
Q

What did Germany wish to prevent, and what did they sign with Russia to prevent this?

A

A two front war. Molotov Ribbentrop Pact.

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45
Q

When did World War II begin, and how did Germany spark it?

A

September 3, 1939. They invaded Poland.

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46
Q

What was the style of German warfare used at this time known as?

A

Blitzkrieg

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47
Q

Who led the French government while they were in exile?

A

Charles de Gaulle

48
Q

Where were the British and France miraculously rescued?

A

Dunkirk

49
Q

What was the only European nation not conquered by Germany in 1940?

A

Great Britain

50
Q

What was the code name for the mission to take Britain?

A

Operation Sea Lion

51
Q

What was Hitler’s starting plan to conquer Britain?

A

Bomb it day and night until they either give up or go extinct.

52
Q

What were the German bombers main targets?

A

Communication towers, airfields, and the Royal Air Force of Britain.

53
Q

Who was the new prime minister of Britain during the bombings?

A

Winston Churchill

54
Q

What was Hitler’s new targets after he got frustrated with Britain’s survivability?

A

Civilian populated areas.

55
Q

Why was Hitler’s plan to attack British civilians a terrible idea?

A

It gave the British Air Force time to recover.

56
Q

What was the blitz and how long did it last?

A

A series of bombings to destroy the citizens spirits. 57 consecutive days and nights.

57
Q

How did the civilians of Britain respond to the blitz?

A

They became even more determined to resist it.

58
Q

What invention helped turn the tide of the war for Britain?

A

Radar

59
Q

Who won the Battle of Britain?

A

Britain.

60
Q

What did people begin to realize following the Battle of Britain?

A

Hitler was not unbeatable.

61
Q

What was vital for Great Britain’s survival?

A

The Atlantic Ocean.

62
Q

What were the two sides of the war, and the major powers of each side?

A

Axis: Germany, Italy, and Japan
Allies: Great Britain, France, Soviet Union, USA

63
Q

What was the lend-lease program?

A

The USA could lend arms and supplies to countries vital for the defense of the United States.

64
Q

Who was Hitler’s target in operation Barbarossa?

A

Soviet Union

65
Q

Why did Hitler want to conquer Russia?

A

More living space for German people, largest population of Jews, and oil resources.

66
Q

How long did the Battle of Leningrad last, and roughly how many civilians died?

A

900 days. 1 million.

67
Q

What was fought over in the battle of Stalingrad?

A

Oil fields.

68
Q

Did either of the Russian cities surrender?

A

No.

69
Q

Who lost the most people in the war, and how many did they lose?

A

Soviet Union, 20 million.

70
Q

What exhausted Japan’s resources?

A

War with China.

71
Q

What did the USA stop giving Japan in 1940?

A

Oil

72
Q

What did Japan realize they had to do?

A

Knock out the USA for good.

73
Q

When and what was their secret plan of attack?

A

December 7th, 1941. Battle of Pearl Harbor

74
Q

Who was the admiral of the Japanese navy?

A

Isoroku Yamamoto

75
Q

What were the targets in the Pearl Harbor attacks?

A

Aircraft carriers, battleships, and airfields.

76
Q

When do the USA declare war on Japan?

A

December 8th, 1941

77
Q

What were the results of Pearl Harbor?

A

Unites American people, USA enters WWII, and creation of internment camps for Japanese Americans.

78
Q

Who is winning battle of battle in 1942?

A

Japan.

79
Q

Who was the US commander of the pacific theater?

A

Douglas MacArthur

80
Q

What is the first American territory to fall to the Japanese?

A

Philippine islands.

81
Q

What was the Bataan death march, and how many died doing it?

A

70,000 prisoners forced to march 50 miles by the Japanese.

16,000 casualties.

82
Q

When was the Doolittle raid of Tokyo?

A

April 1942.

83
Q

Did the Doolittle raid accomplish anything military wise?

A

No, only boosted morale.

84
Q

What was the American strategy to win the pacific theater war?

A

Island hopping to Japan.

85
Q

What island was the first to be taken by the USA?

A

Guadalcanal

86
Q

What is total war?

A

An entire country putting its efforts towards a war.

87
Q

What was rationed to help with the war in America?

A

Gas, food, and clothing.

88
Q

How did people get food during the war.

A

Grew it in victory gardens.

89
Q

Who was the symbol for American women during this time?

A

Rosie the Riveter.

90
Q

How was the war financed?

A

War bonds.

91
Q

Through what years did the Holocaust take place?

A

1939 - 1945

92
Q

Who was in charge of the SS, and in turn the Holocaust?

A

Heinrich Himmler.

93
Q

What 4 things were used to deal with the European Jews?

A

Immigration, mobile death squads, ghettos, and death camps.

94
Q

Which method took care of Jews most effectively?

A

Death camps.

95
Q

Who spoke out against the Nazis?

A

Corrie ten Boom, Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Oskar Schindler, and Anne Frank.

96
Q

What were the three types of concentration camps?

A

POW camps, work camps, and death camps.

97
Q

Who led the allies in the battle with Germany?

A

Dwight D. Eisenhower

98
Q

When was North Africa taken from Germany, and what was this operation known as?

A
  1. Operation Torch.
99
Q

When was Italy liberated, and what was this operation known as?

A
  1. Operation Underbelly.
100
Q

What happens to Mussolini, and what happens to Italy?

A

Mussolini is executed, and France drops out of the war.

101
Q

When was France liberated, and what was the operation known as?

A

July 1944. Operation Overlord.

102
Q

When was the battle of Normandy, and what is it more commonly known as?

A

June 6. D-Day,

103
Q

How many died on the first day of D-Day?

A

2,700.

104
Q

What was the last German offensive of the war?

A

Battle of the Bulge.

105
Q

When does Germany surrender, what is the day known as, and what happens to Hitler?

A

May 8th, 1945. V-E Day. Hitler commits suicide with his mistress.

106
Q

During what battle is the Japanese navy destroyed and the Philippine islands regained?

A

Battle of Leyte Gulf.

107
Q

What do the Japanese institute in desperation?

A

Kamikazes.

108
Q

What made the Japanese so hard to defeat?

A

Bushido Code.

109
Q

What are the first two islands of Japan to be taken by America?

A

Iwo Jima and Okinawa.

110
Q

What project does the USA begin working on, and who is the chief scientist of the project.

A

Manhattan Project. Robert Oppenheimer.

111
Q

How many nuclear bombs did the USA develop?

A

3

112
Q

Where were all three sent?

A

One to New Mexico, one to Hiroshima, and one to Nagasaki.

113
Q

Why did the USA use the bombs, and did they warn Japan?

A

To save lives. Yes, they warned the Japanese of both bombs.

114
Q

When does Japan surrender, and what is the day known as?

A

September 2, 1945. V-J Day

115
Q

What are the results of WWII?

A

60 million dead, Cold War, Great Britain loses empire, beginning of nuclear age, and creation of Israel.

American History (2 decks)

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