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Social Studies 8 > World War I Unit Test > Flashcards

World War I Unit Test Flashcards

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1
Q

Trench Warfare

A

when soldiers fire at each other from opposing lines of dugout trenches

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2
Q

What did trench warfare lead to?

A

Trench warfare tactics led to a three-year stalemate, or a deadlock where neither side can win, in Europe.

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3
Q

What types of new military techniques were used in WWI?

A

Quick Firing Artillery

Machine Guns

Poison gas (chemical weapons)

Tanks

Airplanes

Submarines

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4
Q

Quick Firing Artillery

A

large cannons could fire shells from miles away into the space between trenches (No Mans Land)

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5
Q

Machine Guns

A

automatic weapons that were capable of firing 600 rounds a minute

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6
Q

Poison gas (chemical weapons)

A

burned, blinded, choked, or killed soldiers

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7
Q

Tanks

A

armored vehicles that could cross over trenches and barbed wire

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8
Q

Airplanes

A

used to shoot-down other planes, fire at ground targets, or gather intelligence

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9
Q

Submarines

A

ships that can operate completely submerged underwater and fire underwater missiles called torpedoes

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10
Q

German submarines were called

A

U-boats

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11
Q

What effect did the new technologies have

A

Rather than end the war earlier, these new weapons combined to produce staggering amounts of casualties (killed, wounded, or missing soldiers) on all sides.

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12
Q

Causes of War

A

Militarism

Alliances

Imperialism

Nationalism

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13
Q

Militarism

Definition and how was this a cause of WW1

A

the policy of making military power a primary goal of a nation

In the years leading to WWI, most European nations built up large militaries, increasing tension on the continent

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14
Q

Alliances

Definition and how was this a cause of WW1

A

when two nations agree to defend each other

-most European nations has secret alliance with multiple other countries for protection
-the tangled alliance network could take a small conflict and involve the whole continent

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15
Q

Imperialism

Definition and how was this a cause of WW1

A

the policy of large countries politically, economically, and militarily controlling weaker
ones

European countries competed fiercely for colonies, resources, bases, and trade markets

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16
Q

Nationalism

Definition and how was this a cause of WW1

A

strong feelings of pride, loyalty, and protectiveness
toward your country

-each European nations felt they were superior
-nations without countries rebelled to gain freedom

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17
Q

What was The Spark

A

in 1914, a Serbian killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand (heir to the throne) - Austria dominated Serbia at the time

Austria declared war on Serbia
Russia declared war on Austria
Germany declared war on Russia
France declared war on Germany

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18
Q

ALLIES:

A

France, Britain, Russia, Serbia, Italy (1915), U.S. (1917)

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19
Q

CENTRAL POWERS:

A

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire

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20
Q

Describe Woodrow Wilson’s response to the outbreak of war in Europe.

A

President Wilson, like most Americans, believed the US should stay neutral (not taking any sides) and he tried to keep us neutral.

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21
Q

Do you think it was acceptable for the Germans to sink the Lusitania? Explain why or why not.

A

YES: it was carrying military supplies; American were warned not to get on the ship: Germany declared the water around Britain a war zone; giving the ship warning or searching it would have put the submarine crew in danger
NO: it was not a military ship; it is not acceptable to target civilians in war; the Germans could have allowed the people to get into lifeboats first

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22
Q

WHY AMERICA ENTERED WWI (1917)

A

Zimmermann Telegram

Democracy

Russian Revolution

German unrestricted submarine warfare

23
Q

German unrestricted submarine warfare

A

The Germans sank neutral American ships and ships with Americans

24
Q

Russian Revolution

A

The Russian emperor’s removal made it easier for the US to join

Concerns about America joining the side of a country with limited freedom were gone when Russia dropped out

25
Q

Zimmermann Telegram

A

Secret message from Germany to Mexico proposing an alliance if the U.S. entered the war

26
Q

Democracy

A

President Wilson felt the US needed to “make the world safe for democracy”

27
Q

Why Germany was right for sinking the lusitania

A

Evidence from text #1: The British blockade of Germany was starving Germans forcing Germany to retaliate by trying to sink supplies going to Britain

Evidence from text #2: Even though it was a passenger ship, it was carrying munitions, making it an acceptable military target

Evidence from text #3: Germany had warned American citizens that if they sail on ships flying the British flag in the war zone, they do so at their own risk

28
Q

Why Germany was wrong for sinking the lusitania

A

Evidence from text #1: The ship was carrying civilians (people not in the military) including citizens of a neutral nation (U.S.)

Evidence from text #2: The ship was flying the U.S. flag so it was clear that U.S. citizens were on it (the U.S. was still neutral in 1915)

Evidence from text #3: International law said that the Germans had the right to board and search the ship but should have evacuated it before sinking it

29
Q

draft

A

required military service

30
Q

Managing the War Effort

A

Building the military

Women in the military

War industries Board (producing for the war)

Food Administration (managing food supplies)

Espionage & Sedition Acts

Financing the War

African Americans Serve

31
Q

Building the military

A
32
Q

Women in the military

A
33
Q

War industries Board (producing for the war)

A
34
Q

Food Administration (managing food supplies)

A
35
Q

Espionage & Sedition Acts

A
36
Q

Financing the War

A
37
Q

African Americans Serve

A
38
Q

Fourteen Points

A

Woodrow Wilson’s plan for peace after World War I

39
Q

Points 1-13

A

Smaller military forces; end to secret treaties; freedom of the seas; free trade; changes in national boundaries
- people who were previously ruled gained countries of their own

40
Q

Point 14

A

the most important point to Wilson

League of Nations: a proposed international organization dedicated to peacefully settling issues

41
Q

How did President Wilson and the European leaders differ in how they wanted to approach peace with Germany?

A

WILSON
wanted “peace without victory”
did not want to provoke future wars by heavily punishing the Central Powers

EUROPEANS
wanted to punish Germany and make sure it could not be a threat again
(Europe suffered through 3 more years of war than the U.S.)

42
Q

Treaty of Versailles

A

peace treaty that ended World War I

43
Q

What were some of the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?

A

1) forced Germany to accept full blame for the war

2) Stripped Germany of its colonies

3) limited the size of Germany’s military to 100,000

4) forced Germany to pay $33 billion in reparations, or money that defeated nations pay for the destruction caused by war

5) divided up the Central Powers to create new nations

44
Q

Why do you think President Wilson accepted these terms even though he disagreed with how harsh they were on Germany? What was most important to him?

A

Wilson accepted these terms as a compromise. His goal was to get the Europeans to accept and join the League of Nations which he saw as the most important tool in preventing war in the future. To gain their support, he went along with the harsh terms for Germany.
After returning from Paris, President Wilson encouraged the Senate to ratify or approve, the Treaty of Versailles. Some did not agree with different aspects of it.

45
Q

RATIFICATION OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES

A

FOR
- Wilson believed it was America’s destiny to lead the world into a new era of peace and that America had to accept its role as a world leader in the new century
- he refused to compromise on any aspects of the League of Nations

AGAINST
Republicans in the Senate including Henry Cabot Lodge, delayed a vote on the treaty until major changes were made
- they believed joining the League of Nations would limit America’s independence and entangle us in future wars

46
Q

What was the final result of the ratification of the treaty? What impact did this have?

A

The Senate voted to reject the Treaty of Versailles. America never signed nor joined the League of Nations. Without American membership and with the terms of the treaty angering Germans, the League would be unable to prevent another war.

47
Q

How did the war impact economic opportunities for African Americans?

A

The war created new opportunities for them in northern factories because of the increased demand for war goods. Factories that previously would have refused to hire them now did in large numbers.

48
Q

Great Migration

A

movement of about 500,000 African Americans from the South between 1910 and 1920 in search of jobs in northern factories and a better life

49
Q

What other factors led to African American migration out of the South?

A

Desire to escape bigotry, poverty and the racial violence of the South.

50
Q

What types of jobs did women take during World War I?

A

With men going off to war, women took jobs in industry including steel mills, ammunition factories, and assembly lines. They also worked as streetcar conductors and elevator operators.

51
Q

How did the war cause labor unrest at its conclusion?

A

Salaries were kept low during the war. When workers did not get raises after the war concluded, they held massive strikes.

52
Q

Red Scare

A

fear in the United States, especially between 1919 and 1920 that a communist revolution would spread to the United States

after a successful worker’s revolution that turned Russia into the world’ s first communist country, Americans were fearful that this movement would spread abroad

the activities of some anarchists and radicals heightened people’s fears

53
Q

Palmer Raids

A

Attorney General Mitchell Palmer’s raids against people suspected of being radicals

over 6,000 arrested in January 1920

no search warrants were issued

54
Q

What situations spurred race riots in cities across America in 1919?

A

After the Great Migration, whites and blacks competed for factory jobs in the north.

White mobs lynched African Americans using false evidence. Differences in housing, jobs, and segregation led to race riots in northern cities in 1919.

Social Studies 8 (8 decks)

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