world war I

Question 1

Nationalism

Answer 1

patriotic feeling, principles, or efforts.

Question 2

risorgimento

Answer 2

meaning resurgence or revival), was the political and social movement that consolidated different states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of the Kingdom of Italy in the 19th century.

Question 3

young italy movement

Answer 3

was a political movement for Italian youth (under age 40) founded in 1831 by Giuseppe Mazzini. Its goal was to create a united Italian republic through promoting a general insurrection in the Italian reactionary states and in the lands occupied by the Austrian Empire.

Question 4

guiseppe mazzini

Answer 4

Giuseppe Mazzini (Italian pronunciation: [dʒuˈzɛppe matˈtsiːni]; 22 June 1805 – 10 March 1872) was an Italian politician, journalist and activist for the unification of Italy and spearheaded the Italian revolutionary movement. His efforts helped bring about the independent and unified Italy[1] in place of the several separate states, many dominated by foreign powers, that existed until the 19th century. He also helped define the modern European movement for popular democracy in a republican state.[2]

Question 5

guiseppe garibaldi

Answer 5

Giuseppe Garibaldi (Italian: [dʒuˈzɛppe ɡariˈbaldi]; 4 July 1807 in Nice – 2 June 1882 on Caprera) was an Italian general, politician and nationalist who played a large role in the history of Italy.[1] He is considered, with Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, Victor Emmanuel II of Italy and Giuseppe Mazzini, as one of Italy’s “fathers of the fatherland”.

Question 6

liberals

Answer 6

a person of liberal views.

Question 7

unification

Answer 7

the process of being united or made into a whole.

Question 8

ottovon bismarch

Answer 8

Otto Eduard Leopold, Prince of Bismarck, Duke of Lauenburg (1 April 1815 – 30 July 1898), known as Otto von Bismarck (German pronunciation: [ˈɔtoː fɔn ˈbɪsmark]), was a conservative Prussian statesman who dominated German and European affairs from the 1860s until 1890. In the 1860s, he engineered a series of wars that unified the German states, significantly and deliberately excluding Austria, into a powerful German Empire under Prussian leadership. With that accomplished by 1871, he skillfully used balance of power diplomacy to maintain Germany’s position in a Europe which, despite many disputes and war scares, remained at peace. For historian Eric Hobsbawm, it was Bismarck who “remained undisputed world champion at the game of multilateral diplomatic chess for almost twenty years after 1871, [and] devoted himself exclusively, and successfully, to maintaining peace between the powers.”

Question 9

kaiser

Answer 9

the German emperor, the emperor of Austria, or the head of the Holy Roman Empire.

Question 10

the zollverein

Answer 10

the customs union of German states in the 19th century.

Question 11

the junkers

Answer 11

a German nobleman or aristocrat, especially a member of the Prussian aristocracy.

Question 12

franco prussian war

Answer 12

The war of 1870–71 between France (under Napoleon III) and Prussia, in which Prussian troops advanced into France and decisively defeated the French at Sedan. The defeat marked the end of the French Second Empire.

Question 13

realpolitik

Answer 13

a system of politics or principles based on practical rather than moral or ideological considerations.

Question 14

czar alexander II

Answer 14

Alexander II (Russian: Алекса́ндр II Никола́евич, tr. Aleksandr II Nikolaevich; IPA: [ɐlʲɪˈksandr ftɐˈroj nʲɪkɐˈlajɪvʲɪtɕ]; 29 April [O.S. 17 April] 1818 in Moscow – 13 March [O.S. 1 March] 1881 in Saint Petersburg) was the Emperor of Russia from 2 March 1855 until his assassination in 1881. He was also the King of Poland and the Grand Duke of Finland.

Question 15

emancipation

Answer 15

the fact or process of being set free from legal, social, or political restrictions; liberation.

Question 16

serfs

Answer 16

an agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord’s estate.

Question 17

social democratic party

Answer 17

a political party in Germany advocating a form of social organization based on the economic and political ideology of Karl Marx. any of several European political parties advocating a gradual transition to socialism or a modified form of socialism by and under democratic processes.

Question 18

autocrat

Answer 18

a ruler who has absolute power.

Question 19

pogroms

Answer 19

an organized massacre of a particular ethnic group, in particular that of Jews in Russia or eastern Europe.

Question 20

nihilists

Answer 20

a person who believes that life is meaningless and rejects all religious and moral principles.

Question 21

duma

Answer 21

a legislative body in the ruling assembly of Russia and of some other republics of the former Soviet Union.

Question 22

tazimats reform

Answer 22

series of reforms promulgated in the Ottoman Empire between 1839 and 1876 under the reigns of the sultans Abdülmecid I and Abdülaziz.

Question 23

dual monarchy

Answer 23

Dual monarchy occurs when two separate kingdoms are ruled by the same monarch, follow the same foreign policy, exist in a customs union with each other and have a combined military but are otherwise self-governing. The term is typically used to refer to Austria–Hungary, a dual monarchy that existed from 1867 to 1918.

Question 24

balkan league

Answer 24

The Balkan League [a] was an alliance formed by a series of bilateral treaties concluded in 1912 between the Balkan states of Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro, and directed against the Ottoman Empire, which at the time still controlled much of the Balkan peninsula.

Question 25

crimen war

Answer 25

The Crimean War (French: Guerre de Crimée; Russian: Крымская война, Krymskaya voina; Turkish: Kırım Savaşı, Sardinian: Gherra di Crimea) was a military conflict fought from October 1853 to March 1856 in which the Russian Empire lost to an alliance of France, Britain, the Ottoman Empire, and Sardinia.

Question 26

treaty of sanstefand

Answer 26

was a treaty between Russia and the Ottoman Empire signed at San Stefano, then a village west of Constantinople, on 3 March [O.S. 19 February] 1878 by Count Nicholas Pavlovich Ignatiev and Aleksandr Nelidov on behalf of the Russian Empire and Foreign Minister Safvet Pasha and Ambassador to Germany Sadoullah Bey on behalf of the Ottoman Empire.[1][2] The treaty ended the Russo-Turkish War, 1877–78.

Question 27

militarism

Answer 27

the belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.

Question 28

alliance system

Answer 28

The alliance system was one of the main causes of World War One.The alliance system was made up of two groups, the Central powers (Germany, Austria- Hungary, Italy(1914), and Turkey).The second group was the Allied powers (Russia, France, Great Britain, and United states).

Question 29

triple alliance

Answer 29

The Triple Alliance, also known as the Triplice, was a secret agreement between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy formed on 20 May 1882 and renewed periodically until World War I. Germany and Austria-Hungary had been closely allied since 1879.

Question 30

triple entente

Answer 30

The Triple Entente (from French entente [ɑ̃tɑ̃t] “friendship, understanding, agreement”) was the understanding linking the Russian Empire, the French Third Republic, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland after the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente on 31 August 1907.

Question 31

kuiturkampt

Answer 31

conflict between civil government and religious authorities especially over control of education and church appointments; broadly : a conflict between cultures or value systems.