world war I Flashcards
nationalism
patriotic feeling, principles, or efforts.
Risorgimento
Italian unification (Italian: Unificazione italiana), or the Risorgimento ([risordʒiˈmento], meaning resurgence or revival), was the political and social movement that consolidated different states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of the Kingdom of Italy in the 19th century.
young italy movement
Young Italy (Italian: La Giovane Italia) was a political movement for Italian youth (under age 40) founded in 1831 by Giuseppe Mazzini. Its goal was to create a united Italian republic through promoting a general insurrection in the Italian reactionary states and in the lands occupied by the Austrian Empire.
giuseppe mazzini
Italian patriot and revolutionary.
giuseppe garibaldi
1807–82, Italian patriot and general.
liberals
favorable to progress or reform, as in political or religious affairs
unifiction
the process of unifying or uniting; union
Otto von Bismarck
Otto Eduard Leopold, Prince of Bismarck, Duke of Lauenburg, known as Otto von Bismarck, was a conservative Prussian statesman who dominated German and European affairs from the 1860s until 1890.
kaiser
the German emperor, the emperor of Austria, or the head of the Holy Roman Empire.
the Zollverein
the customs union of German states in the 19th century
the junkers
a German nobleman or aristocrat, especially a member of the Prussian aristocracy.
Franco-Prussian war
The war of 1870–71 between France (under Napoleon III) and Prussia, in which Prussian troops advanced into France and decisively defeated the French at Sedan. The defeat marked the end of the French Second Empire.
realpolitik
a system of politics or principles based on practical rather than moral or ideological considerations.
Czar Alexander II
Alexander II was the Emperor of Russia from 2 March 1855 until his assassination in 1881. He was also the King of Poland and the Grand Duke of Finland.
emancipation
the fact or process of being set free from legal, social, or political restrictions; liberation.
serfs
an agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord’s estate
social democratic party
a political party in Germany advocating a form of social organization based on the economic and political ideology of Karl Marx. any of several European political parties advocating a gradual transition to socialism or a modified form of socialism by and under democratic processes.
autocrat
a ruler who has absolute power.
pogroms
an organized massacre of a particular ethnic group, in particular that of Jews in Russia or eastern Europe.
nihilists
a person who believes that life is meaningless and rejects all religious and moral principles.
dump
a site for depositing garbage
tanzimat reforms
Tanzimat, (Turkish: “Reorganization”), series of reforms promulgated in the Ottoman Empire between 1839 and 1876 under the reigns of the sultans Abdülmecid I and Abdülaziz.
dual monarchy
Dual monarchy occurs when two separate kingdoms are ruled by the same monarch, follow the same foreign policy, exist in a customs union with each other and have a combined military but are otherwise self-governing. The term is typically used to refer to Austria–Hungary, a dual monarchy that existed from 1867 to 1918.
balkan league
The Balkan League [a] was an alliance formed by a series of bilateral treaties concluded in 1912 between the Balkan states of Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro, and directed against the Ottoman Empire, which at the time still controlled much of the Balkan peninsula.
