world war I Flashcards
nationalism
patriotic feeling, principles, or efforts.
Risorgimento
Italian unification (Italian: Unificazione italiana), or the Risorgimento ([risordʒiˈmento], meaning resurgence or revival), was the political and social movement that consolidated different states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of the Kingdom of Italy in the 19th century.
young italy movement
Young Italy (Italian: La Giovane Italia) was a political movement for Italian youth (under age 40) founded in 1831 by Giuseppe Mazzini. Its goal was to create a united Italian republic through promoting a general insurrection in the Italian reactionary states and in the lands occupied by the Austrian Empire.
giuseppe mazzini
Italian patriot and revolutionary.
giuseppe garibaldi
1807–82, Italian patriot and general.
liberals
favorable to progress or reform, as in political or religious affairs
unifiction
the process of unifying or uniting; union
Otto von Bismarck
Otto Eduard Leopold, Prince of Bismarck, Duke of Lauenburg, known as Otto von Bismarck, was a conservative Prussian statesman who dominated German and European affairs from the 1860s until 1890.
kaiser
the German emperor, the emperor of Austria, or the head of the Holy Roman Empire.
the Zollverein
the customs union of German states in the 19th century
the junkers
a German nobleman or aristocrat, especially a member of the Prussian aristocracy.
Franco-Prussian war
The war of 1870–71 between France (under Napoleon III) and Prussia, in which Prussian troops advanced into France and decisively defeated the French at Sedan. The defeat marked the end of the French Second Empire.
realpolitik
a system of politics or principles based on practical rather than moral or ideological considerations.
Czar Alexander II
Alexander II was the Emperor of Russia from 2 March 1855 until his assassination in 1881. He was also the King of Poland and the Grand Duke of Finland.
emancipation
the fact or process of being set free from legal, social, or political restrictions; liberation.
serfs
an agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord’s estate
social democratic party
a political party in Germany advocating a form of social organization based on the economic and political ideology of Karl Marx. any of several European political parties advocating a gradual transition to socialism or a modified form of socialism by and under democratic processes.
autocrat
a ruler who has absolute power.
pogroms
an organized massacre of a particular ethnic group, in particular that of Jews in Russia or eastern Europe.
nihilists
a person who believes that life is meaningless and rejects all religious and moral principles.
dump
a site for depositing garbage
tanzimat reforms
Tanzimat, (Turkish: “Reorganization”), series of reforms promulgated in the Ottoman Empire between 1839 and 1876 under the reigns of the sultans Abdülmecid I and Abdülaziz.
dual monarchy
Dual monarchy occurs when two separate kingdoms are ruled by the same monarch, follow the same foreign policy, exist in a customs union with each other and have a combined military but are otherwise self-governing. The term is typically used to refer to Austria–Hungary, a dual monarchy that existed from 1867 to 1918.
balkan league
The Balkan League [a] was an alliance formed by a series of bilateral treaties concluded in 1912 between the Balkan states of Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro, and directed against the Ottoman Empire, which at the time still controlled much of the Balkan peninsula.
crimean war
The Crimean War (French: Guerre de Crimée; Russian: Крымская война, Krymskaya voina; Turkish: Kırım Savaşı, Sardinian: Gherra di Crimea) was a military conflict fought from October 1853 to March 1856 in which the Russian Empire lost to an alliance of France, Britain, the Ottoman Empire, and Sardinia.
treaty of sanstefand
The Preliminary Treaty of San Stefano (Russian: Сан-Стефанский мир; Peace of San-Stefano, Сан-Стефанский мирный договор; Peace treaty of San-Stefano, Turkish: Ayastefanos Muahedesi or Ayastefanos Antlaşması) was a treaty between Russia and the Ottoman Empire signed at San Stefano, then a village west of Constantinople, …
militarism
the belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.
alliance system
a formal agreement or treaty between two or more nations to cooperate for specific purposes. a merging of efforts or interests by persons, families, states, or organizations: an alliance between church and state.
triple alliance
The Triple Alliance, also known as the Triplice, was a secret agreement between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy formed on 20 May 1882 and renewed periodically until World War I. Germany and Austria-Hungary had been closely allied since 1879.
triple entente
an informal understanding among Great Britain, France, and Russia based on a Franco-Russian military alliance (1894), an Anglo-French entente (1904), and an Anglo-Russian entente (1907). It was considered a counterbalance to the Triple Alliance but was terminated when the Bolsheviks came into control in Russia in 1917.
kuiturkampt
conflict between civil government and religious authorities especially over control of education and church appointments; broadly : a conflict between cultures or value systems.
reichstag
Reichstag is a German word generally meaning parliament, more directly translated as Diet of the Realm or National Diet or Imperial Diet.
treaty of prague
The Peace of Prague was a peace treaty signed between the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire at Prague on 23 August 1866, ending the Austro-Prussian War.
francis joseph I
Franz Joseph I or Francis Joseph I was Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary, and many others from 2 December 1848 until his death on 21 November 1916. From 1 May 1850 to 24 August 1866 he was also President of the German Confederation
revolution of 1905
Russian Revolution of 1905, uprising that was instrumental in convincing Tsar Nicholas II to attempt the transformation of the Russian government from an autocracy into a constitutional monarchy.Sep 12, 2003
mobilization
the action of a country or its government preparing and organizing troops for active service.
