world war I Flashcards
nationalism
spirit or aspirations common to the whole of a nation
risorgimento
the period of or the movement for the liberation and unification of Italy 1750–1870.
young italy movement
was a political movement for Italian youth (under age 40) founded in 1831 by Giuseppe Mazzini
giuseppe mazzini
Italian patriot and revolutionary.
giuseppe garibaldi
1807–82, Italian patriot and general.
liberals
favorable to progress or reform, as in political or religious affairs.
unification
the process of unifying
otto von bismarck
was a conservative Prussian statesman who dominated German and European affairs from the 1860s until 1890.
kaiser
a ruler of the Holy Roman Empire.
the zollverein
union of German states for the maintenance of a uniform tariff on imports from other countries, and of free trading among themselves.
the junkers
were the members of the landed nobility in Prussia.
franco prussian war
the war between France and Prussia, 1870–71.
realpolitik
the war between France and Prussia, 1870–71.
czar alexander II
Emperor of Russia from 2 March 1855 until his assassination in 1881.
emancipation
the state or fact of being emancipated.
serfs
a person in a condition of servitude, required to render services to a lord, commonly attached to the lord’s land and transferred with it from one owner to another.
social democratic partyv
a political party in Germany advocating a form of social organization based on the economic and political ideology of Karl Marx.
autocrat
an absolute ruler, especially a monarch who holds and exercises the powers of government as by inherent right, not subject to restrictions.
pogroms
an organized massacre, especially of Jews.
nihilists
total rejection of established laws and institutions.
duma
a council or official assembly.
tanzimat reforms
meaning reorganization of the Ottoman Empire, was a period of reformation that began in 1839 and ended with the First Constitutional Era in 1876.
dual monarchyb
the kingdom of Austria-Hungary 1867–1918.
banlkan league
alliance formed by a series of bilateral treaties concluded in 1912 between the Balkan states of Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro, and directed against the Ottoman Empire
crimean war
a war between Great Britain, France, Turkey, and Sardinia on one side, and Russia on the other, fought chiefly in the Crimea 1853–56.
treaty of sanstefano
between Russia and the Ottoman Empire, at the conclusion of the last of the Russo-Turkish Wars
militarism
strong military spirit
alliance system
The alliance system was made up of two groups, the Central powers (Germany, Austria- Hungary, Italy(1914), and Turkey).The second group was the Allied powers (Russia, France, Great Britain, and United states).
triple alliance
secret agreement between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy formed in May 1882 and renewed periodically until World War I.
triple entente
the understanding linking the Russian Empire, the French Third Republic, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland after the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente on 31 August 1907
kulturkampf
German term referring to a set of policies enacted from 1871 to 1878 by the Prime Minister of Prussia, Otto von Bismarck, in relation to secularity and the role of the Roman Catholic Church in the Kingdom of Prussia
reichastag
the lower house of the parliament during the period of the Second Reich and the Weimar Republic
treaty of prague
peace treaty signed between the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire at Prague on 23 August 1866, ending the Austro-Prussian War.
francis joseph I
1830–1916, emperor of Austria 1848–1916; king of Hungary 1867–1916.
revolution of 1905
began in St. Petersburg on Jan. 22 (Jan. 9, O.S.) when troops fired on a defenseless crowd of workers, who, led by a priest, were marching to the Winter Palace to petition Czar Nicholas II
mobilization
to assemble or marshal (armed forces, military reserves, or civilian persons of military age) into readiness for active service.
