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GCSE History > World War I > Flashcards

World War I Flashcards

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1
Q

What were the four reasons for war breaking out in 1914?

A

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism and Nationalism (MAIN)

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2
Q

What is militarism?

A

The idea that a nation should have strong militaryforces and be determined to use them proactively in order to defend or advance its interests

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3
Q

Why is militarism relevant to WWI?

A

In the early 1900s, all the powerful counties were caught up in an arms race, trying to out-do each other, so no one had the smallest army and lots of money was being invested into it

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4
Q

Why were alliances forming in 1914?

A

Countries felt threatened so they made agreements with other countries to keep each other safe if they were ever invaded

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5
Q

What were the alliances in 1914?

A

The Triple Entente (France, Britain, Russia) and The Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy)

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6
Q

What is imperialism?

A

Extending a country’s power through colonisation?

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7
Q

Who had the biggest empire in 1914?

A

Britain, so other countries wanted one just as big to rival it and there was a race to gain control over countries (especially Africa)

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8
Q

What is nationalism?

A

The idea that your nation is much better than any other

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9
Q

What did people think was the best way to show that your country was the best?

A

War

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10
Q

What was ‘The Spark’ of WWI?

A

The death of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

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11
Q

Who killed the Archduke Franz Ferdinand?

A

The Black Hand Gang, Gavrillo Princip

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12
Q

Where was the Archduke Franz Ferdinand killed?

A

Sarajevo

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13
Q

Why was the Archduke Franz Ferdinand killed?

A

In protest because Bosnia had been annexed by Austria-Hungary and the Bosnians wanted to be part of Serbia

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14
Q

When was the Archduke Franz Ferdinand killed?

A

28 June 1914

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15
Q

Who did Austria-Hungary blame for the death of Franz Ferdinand and what did they do about it?

A

They blamed Serbia so they attacked them

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16
Q

When did Austria-Hungary attack Serbia?

A

28th July 1914

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17
Q

What happened on 29th July 1914?

A

Russia promised to protect Serbia because it had been aiding Serbia in development (which threatened Austria-Hungary) and started to mobilise

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18
Q

What does mobilise mean?

A

Prepare and start organising troops

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19
Q

What happened on 1st August 1914?

A

Germany declares war on Russia after hearing about their preparations for war and its alliance with Austria-Hungary

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20
Q

What happens on 2nd August 1914?

A

Britain begins to prepare warships

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21
Q

What happens on 3rd August 1914?

A

Germany declares war on France

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22
Q

What was the Schlieffen Plan?

A

In case of the outbreak of war, Germany would attack France first and then Russia because they took longer to mobilise

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23
Q

What happened on the 4th August 1914?

A

Germany asked for permission to march through Belgium to France but Belgium said no, but they marched through anyway and because of an agreement from 1839 between Belgium and Britain, Britain declared war on Germany

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24
Q

What happened on 6th August 1914?

A

Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia

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25
Q

What happened on 12th August 1914?

A

Britain and France declare war on Austria-Hungary

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26
Q

What does patriotism mean?

A

Patriotic (quality), passion or devotion to one’s country

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27
Q

What is propaganda?

A

Misleading, biased information in order to promote a political cause or strong point of view

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28
Q

What were Pals Battalions?

A

Groups of friends from neighbourhoods, workplaces or families who went to war together and were sent to the same battles and commonly died together

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29
Q

What was conscription?

A

Conscription was when the government picked who went to war and mailed the people who were enlisted

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30
Q

Why was conscription needed?

A

Many volunteers were dying and people weren’t signing up because they didn’t want to die so the British army was getting smaller

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31
Q

What were conchies?

A

Conscientious objectors and they refused to fight due to religious or personal beliefs

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32
Q

What were aircrafts used for in the trenches?

A

To warn the build up of enemy troops before an attack

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33
Q

How was the front line of a trench built?

A

Zig-zag with angular ‘fire bays’ to minimise the effect of shell fire and to prevent the enemy firing down the length of the trench

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34
Q

What were concrete block houses built for?

A

Machine guns

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35
Q

What was the stretch of land between two opposing front line trenches called?

A

No Man’s Land

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36
Q

What was the trench behind the front line trench called?

A

Support trench

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37
Q

What were the connecting trenches called and what was their purpose?

A

Communication trenches and they allowed troops and supplies to be brought to the front line

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38
Q

What kind of artillery was placed 10km behind the front line and what was their purpose?

A

Long range artillery and they fired at advancing enemy troops

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39
Q

What were the trenches at the back called?

A

Reserve trench

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40
Q

What was placed in front of the front-line trench?

A

Barbed wire

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41
Q

What were the front-line dug-outs for?

A

They provided protection but not against a direct hit from an artillery shell

42
Q

What were the German dug-outs like?

A

They were 15m below ground and were too well constructed to be damaged by shell fire

43
Q

How long was the Western Front?

A

640km

44
Q

What did the Western Front stretch between?

A

English channel to Switzerland

45
Q

What was stalemate?

A

When opposing armies couldn’t move forward and wouldn’t allow themselves to be pushed back either

46
Q

What was in a soldiers ration pack?

A

Corned beef, hard biscuits, bacon, cheese, jam, chlorinated water to kill germs and they were fed 2 tbsp of rum everyday for morals and body temperature

47
Q

Who were the Soldiers of Empire?

A

Men who weren’t born in Britain who decided to be a part of the British army

48
Q

Who was in charge of recruiting British soldiers to fight?

A

Lord Kitchener

49
Q

What was placed on the ground of trenches to stop soldiers sinking into the ground?

A

Duckboards

50
Q

What was the name of Britain’s highest bravery medal?

A

Victoria Cross

51
Q

When did WWI end?

A

11th November 1918

52
Q

What was the impact of WWI on the Home Front?

A

70 million men fought in the war, 8 million from Britain, 1 million British mean died, 2 million British men were injured and only 12 towns in Britain didn’t lose a man in the war

53
Q

What was a weeks worth of rations in Britain?

A

8oz sugar, 20oz meat, 2oz lard, 5oz butter, 8oz bacon

54
Q

Why were rations needed?

A

Germany were sinking and bombing the ships that brought food to Britain

55
Q

What happened to the jobs while the men were at war?

A

Women were encouraged to fill vacancies like the police, chimney sweeps, steelmakers, bus drivers, ambulance, ammunition factory workers and more

56
Q

How were men who were not fighting treated?

A

Women were encouraged to pin white feathers onto them as a sign of cowardice as they weren’t doing their bit’ for Britain

57
Q

What were hung up around the towns of Britain to help the civilians keep themselves safe?

A

Posters to help you tell the difference between British and German aircraft, people were forced to learn this

58
Q

What flew over Britain?

A

German zeppelins (airships)

59
Q

How many bombs did zeppelins drop?

A

Over 5000

60
Q

How many zeppelin raids had been done?

A

Over 50

61
Q

How many people did the zeppelin raids kill and injure?

A

557 killed and over 1300 injured

62
Q

What attacked Britain?

A

Bomber planes

63
Q

What attacked seaside towns?

A

Ships

64
Q

Who joined and who left the war in 1917?

A

Russia left due to rebelling and killing their leaders and USA joined the allies

65
Q

Why did the war end?

A

People in Germany were starving and rioting in the streets, all of the countries on their side were surrendering and the German army was performing poorly

66
Q

Who were ‘The Big Three’?

A

David Lloyd George, Woodrow Wilson, Georges Clemenceau

67
Q

Who was David Lloyd George?

A

Prime Minister of Great Britain

68
Q

What punishment did David Lloyd George want to give Germany?

A

To keep Germany weak and he also wanted to avoid humiliation of Germany, he wanted to remove Germany as a threat to the British Empire and reduce their navy

69
Q

Who was Woodrow Wilson?

A

President of the United States of America

70
Q

What punishment did Woodrow Wilson want to give Germany?

A

He wanted to prevent Germany becoming aggressive and wanted different national groups to have the right to rule themselves, known as ‘self-deterination’

71
Q

Who was Georges Clemenceau?

A

The Prime Minister of France

72
Q

What punishment did Georges Clemenceau want to give to Germany?

A

He wanted Germany to pay for all the damages to his country and wanted to weaken them so that they could never attack France again

73
Q

How many French people were lost in the war?

A

1.4 million

74
Q

What was the treaty that Germany had to sign called?

A

The Treaty of Versailles

75
Q

Where was the Treaty of Versailles made?

A

In the Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles

76
Q

What were the four terms of the Treaty of Versailles?

A

Blame, reparations, army (military), territory

77
Q

How much money did Germany have to pay in the Treaty of Versailles?

A

136000 marks (£6.6 billion)

78
Q

When were reparations eventually fixed?

A

1921

79
Q

How many colonies did Germany lose as a result of the Treaty of Versailles?

A

11 colonies in Africa

80
Q

How much land did Germany lose as a result of the Treaty of Versailles?

A

Alsace Lorraine (was given to France), Posen and West Prussia (was given to Poland) and port of Danzig was separated from Germany

81
Q

Which riches were given to France for 15 years?

A

The riches from Saar coalfields

82
Q

What was the German military reduced to as a result of the Treaty of Versailles?

A

100,000 men in the army and only to be used internally, 6 battleships, 6 cruisers, 12 destroyers, 12 torpedo boats, no submarines, no air force

83
Q

Which area was demilitarised due to the Treaty of Versailles?

A

The Rhineland, which bordered France

84
Q

How much of Germany’s population was lost because of the Treaty of Versailles?

A

10%

85
Q

How much of Germanys European territory was lost as a result of the Treaty of Versailles?

A

13%

86
Q

How much of Germany’s iron and coal reserves were lost due to the Treaty of Versailles?

A

50% iron, 15% coal reserves

87
Q

What was the blame term of the Treaty of Versailles?

A

Germany had to accept that they had blamed WWI

88
Q

When was the Treaty of Versailles signed?

A

28th June 1919

89
Q

What was Gavrilo Princip ill with when he killed the Archduke Franz Ferdinand?

A

Tubercolosis

90
Q

What is some key information about a rifle?

A
  1. Was given to all soldiers
  2. Lightweight and was accurate up to 600m
  3. 40cm bayonet was fitted onto the end
  4. Highly trained soldiers could fire between 15 ad 20 bullets a minute
91
Q

What is some key information about poison gas?

A
  1. There was chlorine and mustard gas
  2. Chlorine gas filled the lungs and left victims gasping for air
  3. Mustard gas rotted the body and made your eyes bulge, you also coughed up the lining of your lungs in clots
  4. Gas masks protected you from the worst effects of the gas
92
Q

What is some key information about a grenade?

A
  1. Small, hand-held bombs and could be thrown about 40m
  2. The outer case shattered after an explosion into razor-sharp pieces causing horrific injuries
93
Q

What is some key information about a machine gun?

A
  1. Recognised as one of the Great Wars most deadly weapons
  2. Invented in the 1860s
  3. Could fire 10 bullets per second
94
Q

What is some key information about the landship/tank?

A
  1. Bulletproof vehicle
  2. The name tank was created to try and convince the Germans they were water tanks and their invention wouldn’t be stolen
  3. They could travel at 4mph over rough terrain, barbed wire and over trenches
95
Q

What is some key information about artillery?

A
  1. Large, heavy guns that could shoot shells over long distances
  2. When they exploded, red-hot shrapnel would cut an enemy to pieces
  3. The noise damaged men’s brains, made their ears bleed and caused shell shock, a condition similar to nervous breakdown
96
Q

What is some key information about a flame thrower?

A
  1. Hand-held flame throwers were deadly in small spaces
  2. They could create a sheet of flame that could travel 15m
97
Q

What is some information about fighter and bomber planes?

A
  1. Planes were slow, clumsy and unreliable at the beginning of the war
  2. At first, pilots threw bricks and fired pistols at each other
  3. ‘Bombers’ were made to fly over enemy trenches to attack them from the air
  4. Fighter planes were soon armed with machine guns
98
Q

How many soldiers were sent to fight in the British army from different countries?

A

Canada sent nearly 500,000, Australia sent 300,000, New Zealand sent 130,000 (10% of its entire population), 200,000 Irishmen and India sent 1.4 million

99
Q

Who was Khudadad Khan?

A

An Indian soldier who fought for Britain and earned the Victoria Cross in October 1914

100
Q

How many men were lost from each country in WWI?

A

Germany - 1,774,000
Austria-Hungary - 1,200,000
France - 1,375,000
Russia - 1,700,000
Great Britain - 662,000

GCSE History (2 decks)

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