World War 2 Flashcards
What were the two kinds of dictatorships in Europe from the 1920s to 1930s?
Conservative and radical
What was the traditional form of antidemocratic government in Europe?
Conservative authoritarianism
A radical dictatorship that exercises “total claims” over the beliefs and behavior of its citizens by taking control of the economic, social, intellectual, and cultural aspects of society.
Totalitarianism
What is fascism?
A movement characterized by extreme and often expansionist nationalism, anti-socialism, a dynamic and violent leader, and glorification of war and the military.
What is Eugenics?
The idea that a country can be selectively bred to improve the nation’s race
What did Stalin call his “five-year plan”?
“Revolution from above”
What was the five year plan?
Stalin’s plan aimed at modernizing the Soviet Union and creating a new communist society with new attitudes, new loyalties, and a new socialist humanity.
Who won the Russian civil war?
Lenin and the Bolsheviks
The Russian sailor rebels that were repressed by Lenin
Kronstadt
Lenin’s 1921 policy to re-establish limited economic freedom in an attempt to rebuild agriculture and industry in the face of economic disintegration
New Economic Policy (NEP)
What ended the NEP?
Stalin’s five year plans
How far behind did Stalin say the Soviet Union was from the rest?
50 to 100 years
What is the forced consolidation of individual peasant farms into large state-controlled enterprises?
Collectivization of agriculture
What did peasants always want to own?
Land
Who were the kulaks?
The more wealthy peasants that had benefited the most from the NEP. They were unhappy with the new plan of collectivization.
How did the Kulaks react to collectivization of agriculture?
The destroyed their farms and killed their animals
How many people died in Ukraine due to famine?
About 6 million
Which was more successful, the industrial or agricultural side of the five year plan
Industrial
Who was in charge of industrial planning?
Gosplan
Which raw material was the idol during the Stalinist age?
Steel
Was the Soviet Union more of a production society or consumer society
Production society
Although many peasants lived under horrible conditions, what drove them to not be hopeless?
An optimistic belief in the future of the Soviet Union
What rights did Stalin take away from women?
To easily get a divorce and abortion
What was good for women in terms of professions?
75% of women now worked as doctors
In the 1930s, what were intellectuals ordered to do by Stalin?
Engineers of human minds
How was Stalin present in public?
In portraits, statues, books, quotes, etc.
Who did Stalin blame for the murder of Sergei Kirov?
Fascist agents
What is the “Great Purge”?
A series of spectacular public show trials in which false evidence, often gathered using torture, was used to incriminate party administrators and Red Army leaders.
Who did Stalin want to wipe out?
Old Bolsheviks
How many people did Stalin imprison during the purge?
8 million
