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Year 9 History > World war 1 > Flashcards

World war 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is nationalism and why is it positive/negative?

A

Nationalism is one’s devotion to their country through love of everything their country does. Nationalism is usually very blinding and damning to one’s perception of their country and automatically assume everything their country does is right. Nationalistic people are also very prone to stereotypes and assumptions of one’s culture. Nationalism is positive as well as it proves one’s devotion to their country as they’re infatuated with their country. Nationalism is also a spirit that draws one’s country together.

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2
Q

What sides were fighting the war?

A

Germany, Austria and Turkey
vs.
Serbia, Russia, Italy, Belgium, Australia, America, France and Britain

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3
Q

What is the ‘arms race’ (or militarism)? How did this lead to World War 1?

A

The arms race (or militarism) is when a country tries to excel in weaponry and technology.

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4
Q

What is Imperialism and how did this lead to World War 1?

A

Imperialism is when one country tries to take over another country to gain money, land and resources. Imperialism lead to World War 1 as the German’s Schlieffen plan tried to take over Paris, and this alerted other countries that a war is beginning.

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5
Q

What are the 4 main reasons behind World War 1? Explain.

A
  1. Arms race/militarism (the constant struggle of trying to get better than others).
  2. Nationalism (people enlisting to prove their devotion to their country).
  3. Imperialism (Germany tried to take over Paris).
  4. Alliance system (the three way alliance between Germany, Austria and Turkey).
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6
Q

Who was in the three way alliance?

A

Germany, Austria and Turkey.

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7
Q

What did the Schlieffen plan and what did it set up to do? How did this lead to World War 1?

A

The Schlieffen plan was

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8
Q

What did the Schlieffen plan and what did it set up to do? How did this lead to World War 1?

A

The Schlieffen plan was a military tactic that set out to conquer Paris in six weeks. The German forces would pass through other countries to get to Paris and would come back to fight Russia. The Schlieffen plan set up World War 1 as Russia stepped in to defend Paris.

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9
Q

Why did the Schlieffen plan fail? Give 7 reasons.

A
  • Russia prepared quicker than they expected. The countries Germany passed through were also aware of what was happening.
  • There were technological advances in the countries the German troops passed through.
  • There were telecommunication issues as the phone booths were spaced out from each other and couldn’t call eachother frequently. There were lesser phone stations near the battlefield so they ended up using messenger pigeons, which was a very outdated and slow way of delivering messages.
  • There wasn’t a plan to fend off Russia and there wasn’t a plan B is plan A failed.
  • Railways were destroyed in the process so troops couldn’t be transferred to and from Germany.
  • Underprepared, there wasn’t enough troops for the battle to operate sucessfully.
  • The plan took longer than the German generals had anticipated.
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10
Q

What was the race to the sea?

A

The two batallions both tried to outflank each side, this continued until they ended up at the ocean. Given no other option they dug trenches and commenced in trench warfare.

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11
Q

Why did Australians enlist in the Galipolli campaign?

A

The Australians enlisted in the war as they thought that war would be a mere adventure for them and nothing would go wrong. Australians also enlisted due to a sense of nationalism to their country as they were fighting for Australia itself. People who were old enough to enlist, yet didn’t were also shamed by women as they gave them white feathers to represent cowardice. There were also propaganda posters that often caricatured other nations and actively made Australian men feel guilty for not enlisting.

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12
Q

How many Australians enrolled in the Galipolli campaign and how many died (note they are estimations, not accurate figures).

A

314,000+ Australians enlisted in the war and 61,720+ people died in the Galipolli campaign (34%).

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13
Q

How did the Galipolli campaign affect the soldiers?

A

The Australians became despondent with the constant thought of death looming over the soldiers and the sight of seeing their friends and acquantances die before their very eyes.

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14
Q

What is shellshock? How did it affect troops?

A

Shellshock is one’s trauma upon prolonged exposure to warfare. Shellshock often costed men their lives as they left the battlefield due to shellshock and were shot for desertion.

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15
Q

What are the 5 motives for imperialism?

A
  1. Exploratory. To discover new areas/map new territory/identify natural resources.
  2. Political. To claim land for their country/gain more land than other countries/control other governments.
  3. Ideological. To improve non-European countries to be like Europe.
  4. Religious. To convert natives to Christianity/convince other countries they are wrong/change the next generations beliefs.
  5. Economic. To obtain raw materials/get natives to buy European goods/make money.
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16
Q

Why did the Gallipoli campaign fail? Give 5 reasons.

A
  1. Loss of surprise (The ANZACs arrived at the wrong beach.
  2. They attacked Turkey’s most secure spot.
  3. They tried attacking with naval ship artillery, which only had a straight trajectory.
  4. The soldiers were depressed and couldn’t fight well due to the prospect of death looming over them.
  5. Poorly constructed trenches on the ANZACs behalf.
  6. Inconsistent quality of troops. Some were new to the army, others were veterans.
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17
Q

What is the Battle of the Somme.

A

The battle of the Somme was another attempt for the allies to break the stalemate against Germany. The Battle of the Somme is renowned as one of the bloodiest wars in history.

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18
Q

How long did the Battle of the Somme

A

For 4 months (July 1 - November 18).

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19
Q

Who were the sides in the Battle of the Somme?

A

England + France vs Germany.

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20
Q

What was the estimated amount of casualities for the Battle of the Somme?

A

Over 1,000,000 accumulative deaths from both sides.

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21
Q

What were the reasons why the Battle of the Somme failed? Give 4 reasons.

A
  1. Germany was better prepared than the allies, with reinforced barbed wire, neatly arranged trenches and bombproof shelters.
  2. Uneven terrain around no mans land.
  3. Outdated and ineffective tactics.
  4. Generals were far away from the battlefield.
  5. Many ally attacks missed.
  6. The week-long artillery bombardment warned the enemy.
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22
Q

What was the Battle of Paschendale?

A

The Battle of Paschendale was yet another attempt to break the stalemate that ultimately failed. The battle was controlled again by Sir Douglas Haig.

23
Q

Why did the Battle of Paschendale fail? Give 3 reasons.

A

Everything that was wrong with the Battle of the Somme was wrong with the Battle of Paschendale:

  1. Outdated and ineffective techniques.
  2. Same artilery bombardment was used.
  3. Germans were underrestimated again.
  4. Rainy weather.
24
Q

How many estimated casualities were there?

A

There was an estimated amount of 570,000 casualities.

25
Q

What was the Battle of Hamel?

A

The Battle of Hamel is considered to be one of Australia’s greatest military successes. The battle featured new techniques as well as a new general.

26
Q

How long did the Battle of Hamel last for?

A

The battle of Hamel took 1 hour and 23 minutes.

27
Q

Who was leading the troops in the battle of Hamel?

A

Sir John Monash.

28
Q

Why was the Battle of Hamel successful? Give 3 reasons.

A
  1. New general.
  2. New techniques.
  3. This was the first time American troops fought on the offensive.
  4. First strategic battle.
29
Q

Why was the Battle of Hamel important?

A

The Battle of Hamel boosted the soldier’s morales as this was the first time they had won in a long time. The Battle of Hamel was also the turning point in WWI as Germany was beginning to lose control.

30
Q

Were Indigenous people allowed to participate during WWI? Why/why not?

A

No. The time of WWI was around the ‘protection era’ where the government made decisions for the indigenous people.

31
Q

Did the protection era stop Aboriginals from trying to join the war?

A

No. Many still tried to join the war. Some even tried to change identities to join the war.

32
Q

What are prisoners of war?

A

Prisoners of war are people who have been captured by the enemy side in a war and usually sentenced to labor.

33
Q

Did all prisoners of war receive the same treatment?

A

No. Generals were usually treated better than other soldiers.

34
Q

What were living conditions like in prisoner of war camps?

A

Living conditions varied from camp to camp, but Germany’s prisoner of war camps had surprisingly high living standards.

35
Q

What was the ratio of how many people died in POW camps and how many survived?

A

1 in 12 prisoners of war died.

36
Q

What was the 1907 Hague treaty?

A

The Hague treaty was a set of rules that testified how prisoners of war should be treated.

37
Q

What were some of the rules in the 1907 Hague treaty? Give atleast 3 answers.

A
  1. Not allowed to force POWs to fight against their own country.
  2. Good nourishment.
  3. Fair treatment.
  4. No forced labour.
  5. Repatriation after the war.
38
Q

What was conscription?

A

Conscription is the forced enrolment into the military.

39
Q

What were the two types of conscriptions?

A
  1. Conscription to fight in Australia.

2. Conscription to fight overseas.

40
Q

How long did the conscription campaign go on for?

A

Between 1914 - 1918.

41
Q

How many conscription campaigns were there?

A

2 campaigns were organised.

42
Q

What was the reasoning behind conscription?

A

To pay off the soldier debt to the British

43
Q

Who was spearheading the conscription campaign?

A

Billy Hughes.

44
Q

How many soldiers were required in the 1st and 2nd campaign?

A

The 1st campaign required 5,500 troops per month and the second campaign needed 7000 troops per month.

45
Q

How did the conscription polls turn out?

A

Both were very close, but people against conscription triumphed over those who did support conscription. Both sides had over 1,000,000 votes.

46
Q

Why WOULD people support conscription? Give atleast 3 answers.

A
  1. It would go towards Australia’s freedom.
  2. It gave a chance to pay off the soldier debt.
  3. It wouldn’t affect the voters.
  4. Nationalism.
47
Q

Why WOULDN’T people support conscription? Give atleast 4 answers.

A
  1. No decision from the soldiers.
  2. No consideration for families of the soldiers.
  3. Not enough time to train for the war.
  4. Could affect voters.
  5. Free country.
48
Q

What was the role of women in WWI?

A

The role of women in WWI was to stay home and look after the children. However, women were encouraged to participate in organisations.

49
Q

What did women do to help the soldiers at war?

A

They organised fundraisers (like the Australian red cross) to provide comfort to the soldiers.

50
Q

What were some of the items that were sent to men during WWI?

A

Tobacco, condensed milk, cakes, puddings, cakes, sugar and biscuits - things that wouldn’t expire for a long time.

51
Q

How did the statistic of women in the workforce raise from 1914 - 1918? What’s the significance?

A

24% of women were employed in 1914, 34% were employed in 1918.

52
Q

What was the wartime precautions act?

A

The wartime precautions act was a last resort to prevent a war. This was done by giving more power to the government by enforcing restrictions.

53
Q

What were some examples of the wartime precautions act?

A
  1. The ability to imprison for life.
  2. The ability to take suspicious items.
  3. The restriction of lighting a fire atop a hill.

Year 9 History (2 decks)

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