World War 1

Question 1

point of British blockade?

Answer 1

control trade routes and therefore troop movement, food supply. distant blockade est 8/4/1915 and continued til TOV signed

Question 2

Battle of Jutland?

Answer 2

only major sea engagement. 5/31-6/1, 1916. both sides claimed victory

Question 3

Shlieffen plan key assumptions?

Answer 3

1. russia would take 6 weeks to mobilize
2. belgium wouldn’t resist
3. britain would stay out of war
4. france could be defeated in 6 weeks

Question 4

First Battle of Marne- what happened?

Answer 4

Germans approached Paris but sent some off to EF. September 5-12. Germans retreated and set up defenses

Question 5

First Battle of Ypres

Answer 5

Both sides attempted to outflank each other and cut off sea access. FBOY: Oct 19-Nov 22, 1914. Allied win but mainly stalemate

Question 6

Second Battle of Ypres

Answer 6

Apr 22-May 25, 1915. Resumption of battle, began w gas attack. French broke lines but Canadians held

Question 7

Verdun

Answer 7

Feb 21-Dec 18, 1916. German attack on french forts w patriotic value, goal was attrition.

Question 8

The Somme

Answer 8

July 1-Nov 1, 1916. British attack to break German lines, also attrition, draw troops from Verdun. creeping barrage strategy. Tanks first introduced. 6mi changed, 1 mil casualties

Question 9

Vimy Ridge

Answer 9

Apr 9-12, 1917. Canadian success

Question 10

Passchendaele

Answer 10

3rd battle of Ypres. July 31-Nov 10, 1917. artillery barrage warned Germans, bad weather.

Question 11

Ludendorff Offensive

Answer 11

Germans’ last attempt to win war. Mar 21-July 18, 1918. unsustainable bc lack of troops/supplies. Stopped at 2nd Marne July 12-Aug 12. 1-2 mil Americans helped

Question 12

End of the war?

Answer 12

-Kiel mutiny Oct 29, 1918
-Kaiser Wilhelm abdicated Nov 9
-Nov 11 armistice took effect

Question 13

Tannenberg

Answer 13

Aug 26-30. Germany won bc Russians had poor coordination.

Question 14

Masurian Lakes

Answer 14

Sep 7-14. Germany defeated Russia

Question 15

Patterns of Eastern Front

Answer 15

Russia lost men, supplies, etc, but could still bead AH. Germany would have to come in and bail out AH. Geographically more mobile but still stalemate.

Question 16

Gallipoli

Answer 16

Allied plan- naval sweep of Dardanelles, take Istanbul. Campaign lasted Feb 1915-Jan 1916. unsuccessful

Question 17

Italian front

Answer 17

Treaty of London signed Apr 26, 1915. Italy dec war on AH and opened front in return for territorial gains. not very successful, inc debt

Question 18

Brusilov offensive

Answer 18

June 2-Sep 20, 1916. Russian offensive against AH bc improved preparedness and Verdun needed relieving. Advanced far but Germany stopped it. increased opposition to tsar bc lots of casualties

Question 19

Russia leaves when?

Answer 19

February revolution 1917 Tsar abdicates. October revolution Bolsheviks win and take Russia out of the war. Brest-Litovsk: March 3, 1918.

Question 20

US enters war?

Answer 20

Apr 4, 1917. To “make world safe for democracy” and bc Germany resumed USW.

Question 21

unrestricted submarine warfare

Answer 21

initially declared feb 1915, anyone in sea around GB=sunken. Lusitania sunk may 1915, sep USW called off, resumed feb 1917 larger zone. combatted by 1916 convoys, sonar

Question 22

political effects?

Answer 22

-New Lenin-led Bolshevik gov in Russia
-AH collapse, divided and shrunk
-New German Weimar Republic, unstable
-Ottoman empire collapse 1922
-Role of british empire diminished, inc independence in commonwealth

Question 23

economic effects?

Answer 23

-war debt, infrastructure/shipping destruction, going off gold standard temporarily
-inflation, crisis in europe
-US emerged leading econ

Question 24

territorial changes

Answer 24

-Germany lost 13%, Rhineland demil, colonies turned to mandates and divided among europeans
-new states created from AH
-Brest-Litovsk land became new states
-Italy got Tyrol/Trieste but not Dalmatian
-Ottoman empire lost colonies, mandates divided
-Germany lost SOI, shandong peninsula to Japan plus pacific islands

Question 25

War guilt clause

Answer 25

231. germany and CPs accept full responsibility for war, injured national pride.

Question 26

reparations perspectives

Answer 26

john keynes- would lead to econ collapse
sally marks- germany could have paid but had no political will
-nazis- germany could’ve won but was betrayed by jews

Question 27

disarmament

Answer 27

germany had to disarm almost completely, army of 100k. saar given to france for 15 years.

Question 28

anschluss

Answer 28

union btwn Austria/Germany. forbidden by TOV but had broad popular support.

Question 29

League of Nations

Answer 29

created by TOV. collective security- injury to 1 is injury to all.

Question 30

women’s role/status

Answer 30

employment inc during war, but was resisted by employers. doesn’t last, goes down when war ends. suffrage movements gained pop, women got right to vote in several countries.