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Social 20 > World War 1 > Flashcards

World War 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Austria-Hungary

A
  • Formed in 1867
  • Powerful and tenuous alliance
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2
Q

Causes: Nationalism

A
  • Increased pride among citizens, which increased rivalries
  • Things are politically and geographically tense
  • Confusing borders
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3
Q

Causes: Militarism

A
  • Putting security and the military above everything else
  • New technology and weapons (boats, guns, etc..)
  • All countries became very advanced in killing each other
  • Bigger and better developments, which were very rapid
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4
Q

Examples of new technology

A
  • Machine guns
  • Tanks
  • Grenades
  • Mortars
  • Booby traps
  • Bigger boats
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5
Q

Causes: The 3 cousins

A
  • Kaiser Wilhelm II (Germany)
  • King George V (Britain)
  • Tsar Nicholas II (Russia)
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6
Q

The Triple Alliance

A
  • Formed in 1882
  • Involved Austria-Hungary, Germany, and Italy
  • Promised to defend each other if either were attacked
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7
Q

The Triple Entente

A
  • Formed in 1907
  • Involved France, Russia, and Great Britain
  • Did not promise to defend each other, but together they encircled Austria-Hungary, and Germany
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8
Q

Causes: Imperialism

A
  • All major powers were engaged for empire (land) to skyrocket their economies
  • Biggest competition was between France and Germany, and Britain and Germany
  • These countries competed for expansion in Africa and the rest of the world to improve their economic power
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9
Q

Causes: The Assassination

A
  • The Black Hand was a Serbian ultra nationalist group
  • They wanted to take back Bosnia
  • In 1914, Gavrilo Princip assassins’ Archduke Franz Ferdinand, who was the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne
  • His death is seen as what triggered the start of WW1
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10
Q

Post-assassination

A
  • Austria-Hungary were very angry at Serbia and wanted to destroy them
  • They were worried that Russia and France would step in because they had an alliance with Serbia
  • Austria-Hungary made sure Germany had their back
    1. Austria-Hungary tells Serbia to get rid of the Black Hand
    2. Alliances get called in and Germany is worried about Britain getting involved
    3. Britain is worried about France getting overrun by Germans and Russia doesn’t want Germany to get too powerful
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11
Q

Declaration of war

A
  • War is declared by Austria-Hungary on Serbia on July 28th, 1914
  • Germany declares war on Russia and France
  • Germany invades Belgium on the way to France
  • Great Britain supports Belgium and declares war on Germany
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12
Q

M. A. N. I. A.

A

Militarism, Alliances, Nationalism, Imperialism, Assassination

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13
Q

When did Canada join the war?

A
  • Canada followed in Great Britain’s footsteps
  • Went to war when Britain declared war on Germany
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14
Q

The Schlieffen Plan

A
  • Developed in 1905 by General von Schlieffen (German)
  • Wanted to fight France and Russia
  • Involved leading France out of their country with a smaller army, and then using a bigger army to fight them from within France
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15
Q

Why did the Schlieffen plan fail?

A
  • He dies in 1913
  • Plan is changed and there are more soldiers leading the French out of their country
  • Actually pushed the French back into Paris
  • Britain fights the smaller army and Russia is prepared for war much faster
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16
Q

Trenches

A
  • Gained popularity as a strategy of survival in the war
  • Bad conditions (mud, dirt, rotting dead people, rats, lice, old clothes, and weapons always firing)
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17
Q

Chemical Warfare

A
  • Gases and other chemicals were used
  • Caused blinding, burns, blisters, bleeding in the lungs, and closing of the throat
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18
Q

Neutrality

A
  • Non involved in the war
  • No hostilities (No attacking)
  • Citizens can’t join another army
  • No selling military equipment to a country participating in the war
  • No spying
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19
Q

Loopholes to neutrality

A
  • You can defend your own country within the border
  • You can sell non-military aid
  • You can host refugees without being attacked
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20
Q

What happened to Italy eventually?

A

Italy decides to resign from the Triple Alliance and join the Entente in 1915

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21
Q

Propaganda

A

The spreading of ideas, information, or rumors for the purpose of furthering a cause or goal

22
Q

How was Canadian propaganda effective?

A
  • Encouraged enlistment
  • Increased production
  • Conserve resources
  • Buy victory bonds
  • All of these were increased by the use of propaganda
  • Canadians raised 2 billion dollars by the end of the war with victory bonds
23
Q

Victory Bonds

A

Loans offered to the government during the war to help finance the cost of the war

24
Q

Hindenburg Line

A
  • A German defense line through northern France and Belgium
  • Allies didn’t break through until 1918
  • When it fell is meant the end of the German war effort
25
Q

Ypres

A
  • First Canadian battle
  • Located in Belgium
  • First use of chlorine gas by Germany
26
Q

Festubert and Givenchy

A
  • First time Canadians go on the offensive
  • Series of unsuccessful attacks
  • Intended to relive pressure on Ypres
  • Located in northern France
27
Q

The Battle of the Somme at Beaumont-Hamel

A
  • One of the largest offensives of the war
  • Lasted four months
  • Massive causalities
28
Q

Vimy Ridge

A
  • Most celebrated Canadian attack
  • 4 days of fighting
  • Proved to the British that better planning can make you win
  • Gave Canadians the reputation of being fierce soldiers
29
Q

General Sir Arthur Currie

A
  • Rose through the ranks with his accomplishments in battle
  • Given command in 1915
  • Has his own award which is given for leadership and contribution to military heritage
30
Q

The Battle of Hill and Lens

A
  • British ordered Canadians to take Lens (important city both sides wanted)
  • A successful battle
  • First use of mustard gas
31
Q

Passchendaele

A
  • General Douglas Haig ignored warnings and exaggerated successes
  • Rain and failure of drainage systems put the battle in giant mud puddles
  • Many casualties
  • Land gained was abandoned in 1918
32
Q

The Battle of Cambrai

A
  • Major tactical victory
  • Interlocking canals covered by machine guns
  • Heavy cover fire and bridges
  • Currie planned for a month ahead
33
Q

Canada in the air

A
  • Canada used as training ground for pilots
  • Canadian “aces” brought down many enemy planes
  • Pilots became very important in the war, as aircrafts were rare during that time
34
Q

Canada on the Home Front

A
  • Women’s suffrage - industry gained lots of success with women being hired to work in factories and other labor jobs
  • Propaganda seen all over the country
35
Q

Conscription crisis

A
  • Quebec citizens would not fight in the war
  • Divided the country (French and English)
  • Conscription was the only solution
  • Critical in winning the war
36
Q

Canada’s last 100 days

A
  • Series of battles
  • Germans were scared of Canadians
  • 32,000 Germans captured
  • Canadians fought to the last battle of the war
37
Q

What is happening with Germany?

A
  • Bad calculations
  • Were not prepared for financials and national discontent
  • Food shortages from blockades
38
Q

What is happening with America?

A
  • Most Americans has favored neutrality
  • Germans sank the Lusitania with Americans on board, they were trying to cut off British supply lines
  • Declared war on Germany in 1917
39
Q

Zimmerman telegram

A
  • Germany promised Mexico land from America is they were their allies
  • They also proposed money and resources to Mexico
  • Done in secret
40
Q

What did the involvement of America mean?

A
  • Woodrow Wilson starts to map a plan for peace
  • New troops creating a morale boost for their allies
  • Big changes on the home front - women want to vote and black soldiers realizing how badly they are treated in America
41
Q

Woodrow Wilson

A
  • President of the USA
  • Helped America grow in wealth and influence during the war
  • Started to pitch his peace plans in 1918
  • Had 14 points for peace
  • Outlined a set of global recommendations for peace, some kind of worked
42
Q

What is happening in Russia?

A
  • Not doing good in the war
  • Railway system was too slow to get troops to the front
  • Tsar Nicholas was in charge - connecting him to military losses
  • High conscription rates reduced the workforce and created economic stress
  • Inflation hit 400% in 1916
43
Q

What did the Russians do because of this?

A
  • Revolution starts
  • Communists and socialists emerge
  • Tsar and his family are executed
  • Civil war is the product (1917-1923)
  • Stopped caring about WW1 and withdrew in 1918 (Brest-Litovsk treaty)
44
Q

Brest-Litovsk treaty

A
  • Withdrew Russia from WW1
  • Resulted in Russia losing major territorial holdings
45
Q

What is happening in Austria-Hungary?

A
  • All big losses for Serbia, Russia, and Italy (War is going badly)
  • Germany took over the military
  • Citizens were starving and demoralized
  • Woodrow Wilson says they cannot be a country anymore
  • Hungary declares independence in 1918
  • Germany and Austria try to start a new country
46
Q

The Armistice of Compiegne

A
  • Germany asked for it in a letter to Woodrow Wilson
  • They wanted a total demilitarization of German forces around the world
  • They has 6 hours to stop fighting
  • In return they would take away naval blockades for Germany
47
Q

The Treaty of Versailles

A
  • Signed in 1919
  • 32 countries involved
  • Britain, France, and America were the big 3 countries
  • Made peace after WW1
  • Woodrow Wilson wanted to prevent another war and did not want Germany craving revenge
  • France and Britain wanted to get revenge on Germany
48
Q

The six big points of the treaty

A
  • Germany would have no more colonies overseas
  • They would lose land and citizens
  • They would have no more planes, boats, and a small army
  • They would have to pay $33 billion USD for the war
  • Germany had to agree that the war was their fault
  • The world would have a joint force called the League of Nations and Germany was not involved
49
Q

Problems with the Treaty of Versailles

A
  • America did not sign (weakened the treaty)
  • Germany was embarrassed
  • The financial demands were crippling
50
Q

Why was the Treaty of Versailles important in the future?

A
  • It was very controversial and was seen as a horrible punishment against Germany
  • Germans became loyal to Hitler to make up for their significant losses, eventually leading to WW2
51
Q

Why was WW1 different than other European wars?

A
  • WW1 was accomplished by outlasting the opponent, rather than territorial supremacy
  • Was a huge war causing many casualties and financial struggles

Social 20 (2 decks)

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