World War 1 Flashcards
Arms race
Military build up of arms between countries
Barrage
continuous firing of weapons during a battle
Blockage
Closing off a road to stop people’s supplies from getting through.
Censorship
When certain information is kept secret.
Dogfight
Is an aerial battle between fighter aircraft conducted at close range.
Dreadnaught
Is a battleship equipped with large guns of the same caliber
Eastern front
The eastern front was the Russian front
Western front
The western front was the Germany and Frances front
July Crisis
The assassination of the Fraz Ferdinand
Mobilisation
The act of getting ready military troops and supplies of war.
No Man’s land
the area between opposing armies and trench lines
Over the top
the infantry emerging from the safety to their trenches to attack the army across ground
Reparations
Payments intended to cover damage or injury inflicted during a war.
Shell shock
The type of posttraumatic stress soldiers were afflicted during the war
Shrapnel
Fragments of a bomb, shell, or other object thrown out by an explosion
Trench foot
A condition where your feet are wet for too long.
What is MAIN? Explain
Militarism - policy of building up strong military forces to prepare for war
Alliances - agreements between nations to aid and protect one another
Imperialism - when one country takes over another country economically and politically
Nationalism - pride to one’s country
Assassination- ——————————-
Assassination - murder of Franz Ferdinand
What was the immediate cause of WW1?
• Serbian assassinated Franz feriland (the air of throne 1914)
Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia
Russia declared war on Austria-Hungary
France pleges to support russia
Germany declared war on Russia
Germany declared war on France
Germany invades beligum on the way to france
August 4, 1914 - Britain (including Canada) declared war on Germany
Triple Alliance
Also known as ———————
(List the three )
central powers
- Germany
- Austria-Hungary
- Italy
Triple Entente
Also know as ——————
(List the three )
Allies
- Britain
- France
- Russia
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand occured on —————-
28 june 1914
July 28, 1914
Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia
July 29, 1914
Russia declared war on Austria-Hungary
August 1, 1914
Germany declared war on Russia
August 3, 1914
Germany declared war on France
August 4, 1914
Britain (including Canada) declared war on Germany
WW1 soon became characterized as a war of attrition. Explain
The first world war is often characterized as a war of attrition because of a conflict in which each side tried to wear the other down by killing as many men possible. This caused a long war which that’s what attrition means.
Schlieffen Plan - ——————————————
two points
The Schlieffen Plan - the plan called for a quick attack on France while Austria-Hungary attacked Serbia.
- the plan was for Germany to attack France through Belgium
- the German armies would be then free to attack Russia
Schlieffen Plan
The plan failed for a number of reasons:
- As soon as Germany moved into Belgium, British forces moved in to defend Belgium
- The combined forces of Belgium, French and British forces stopped the German advance
- RESULT - Both sides DUG IN for a long war of ATTRITION
VALCARTIER (north of Quebec City)
- training site for WW1 troops
- trained by Sam Hughes (minister of the militia)
- when 25000 volunteers were called upon, 32000 responded
- the Canadian Expeditionary Force sailed for Britain in early October of 1914 (along with 100 nurses)
The Newfoundland Regiment
- In 1914, Newfoundland was still not a part of Canada
- Therefore, Newfoundland had their own regiment of about 2000 members
- More than 350 were killed during WW1, most at an engagement at Beaumont Hamel
- A number of Inuit soldiers from Labrador were enlisted
- In 1917, the regiment’s bravery resulted in its being given the title of Royal Newfoundland Regiment
Trench Warfare
-System of warfare on the Western Front during WW1
- Because the forces of defense were stronger than the forces of attack, both
sides were obliged to dig trenches in late 1914 (war of attrition)
-the conditions were very muddy and uncomfortable.
When did Canada officially enter WW1?
4 August 1914
Describe Canada’s military at the start of WW1?
At the beginning Canada had a small standing army
What happened at valcatier? Who is sam Hughes?
Sam hughes was the minister of the milltary. He was given the the aproval of creating and training army fir overseas. When hughes called for 25000 volunteers to sign up for the army, over 32000 men responded. They trained at volearter which was just a large field. They sailed for briten on October 1914
(Machine Gun)
What was replaced? and how did the innovation or invention affect the way the war was fought
- Machine guns replaced with single a shotgun
- The Machine guns affected the way the war was fought because it was capable of bringing down row after row of soldiers from a distance on the battlefield.
(Internal Combustion Engine)
What was replaced? and how did the innovation or invention affect the way the war was fought
- Internal combustion engine replaced the horse and mule.
- The Internal combustion engine helped to free men from the hardest manual labor. Internal combustion engines were more dependable and effective then the horse and mule. They also use armoured cars.
(Tanks)
What was replaced? and how did the innovation or invention affect the way the war was fought
- Tanks replaced the armored trucks
- Tanks affected the way the war was fought because tanks could roll over barbed wire and offer protection to troops who advanced behind them.
(Airplanes)
What was replaced? and how did the innovation or invention affect the way the war was fought
- Fighter planes replaced regular planes
2. Figter planes changed the way because these aircraft could carry large quantities of explosives to drop on targets
(Submarines)
What was replaced? and how did the innovation or invention affect the way the war was fought
- Submarines replaced over line boats
2. Submarines changed the war because it was easier to attack enemies from under the water.
(Chemical Warfare)
What was invented? and how did the innovation or invention affect the way the war was fought
- Chemical Warfare was a invention
2, Chemical warfare affected the war because it weakened their enemy’s. example: loss of sight or even killed
Contributions in the air
- Early in the war, planes were used to scout the enemy placements and troop movements
- Eventually, machine guns were mounted on planes
- Thus, warfare in the air began shortly after
- Some Canadian pilots made a name for themselves in WW1
Contributions in the sea
- Canada’s Navy - Tin Pot - 1914 - 2 ships and 350 personnel
- By the end of WW1 - 1918 - 112 ships and 5000 personnel
- Canadian shipyards helped produce many anti submarine ships as the war went on
- Some Canadians also participated in the British Royal Navy
- Germany’s goal was win the Atlantic and develop a blockade using their u-boats
- One major battle in the waters - Battle of Jutland
- The British Navy was large enough to command the Atlantic
War on the homefront
War Measures Act - When was it passed? What was it?
The war messures were passed on Augest 1913. The act gave the government control over many areas of life in canada
War on the homefront
Enemy Aliens - Define. How were they affected by the War Measures Act?
Enemies of state such as enemy alien, could be arrested and detained without the usual protection on the law. The government could use this act to dictate to farmers and factorys what to produce for the war effort
War on the homefront
What was the cost of war? How did the government raise money for the war?
The cost of the war was about 1 million. The government rasied busniess and personal taxs in order to afford the cost.
War on the homefront
feeding troops
One of the first priorities of Canadians at home was to increase food production, to help feed Allied. This was important because the destroyed to farmland in Europe and stopped the flow of rusisn wheat to Britain. This affect allowed candians British and french as well as candian solders
War on the homefront
Arming the Troops
Canada’s metals copper, lead, zinc, and nickel were greatly in demand. From the beginning of thr war allies were desperate need fir wepons and shells. Sam hugles organized th pe shell committee. Joseph favelle, a million dollor business man created the imperial munitions board. Theu were also produced ships, aircrafts, and explosives. As a result canada’s manufactured, rose 71 millionto 555 million
Enemies at Home
How many German or Austria-Hungarian people were living in Canada in 1914?
10000000 people
Enemies at Home
What caused Canadians to be hostile against enemy aliens?
War fever caused Canadians to be hostile against enemy aliens
Enemies at Home
List some government restrictions or actions that were placed on enemy aliens.
The government wre restricted from owning wepons and explosives
Enemies at Home
List some of the social sanctions placed on enemy aliens.
Newspaper and languages of ememy states
Enemies at Home
The town of Berlin in Ontario was changed to _________________ . Why?
Kitchener because the name Berlin became unsavoury for residents after Great Britain and Canada’s entry into the First World War.
What was the Halifax Explosion?
The Halifax Explosion was the largest man-made explosion in ww1
Why and did WW1 change the roles in women during this time period? Discuss roles filled by women:
i) overseas
Men went overseas so woman to on the essential jobs men normally would take.
Why and did WW1 change the roles in women during this time period? Discuss roles filled by women:
ii) on the homefront
Woman took on jobs such as nurses and manufacturing
Why and did WW1 change the roles in women during this time period? Discuss roles filled by women:
iii) in the household
Woman took on cleaning and basic house mantance
What was a concern of unions at this time?
The concern was they wew low on workers because people were leaving for war.
Define: suffrage
The right to vote in political elections
Describe the how WW1 affected the suffrage movement.
The war affected the suffrage movement because it gave moman the proof that they can take on jobs as men do and also vote.
The war and the right to vote 1914: 1914- 1918: 1916: 1917: 1917: 1917: 1917: 1918: 1920:
1914: thousands of women enter the paid work force to fill mens jobs
1914- 1918: woman do volunteering and fundraising
1916: woman win the right to vote in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta
1917: the bill introduced a draft of more men into armed forces
1917: milltary voter act extended the vot of electrons to nurses serving war
1917: the act to vote extends to wives, mothers, sisters, etc
1917: Robert boren is re elected after boren promise’s woman can to vote if over 21
1918: they give the ability to vote for woman over 21
1920: the act allows woman to run for electrons to parliament
Define: propaganda
Information of ideas that is spread out to a group of people
List ways propaganda was used during WW1.
Some ways propaganda was used during the war was through posters to try to persuade men to join family and friends who have already voted. this makes them fell left out.
The Conscription Crisis - 5 ponits
The Conscription Crisis was made all male citizens aged 20 to 45 subject to conscription for military service.
It happened in May 1917
The Conscription Crisis happed through the front lines
it was needed to win the war.
French Canadians against and farmers aginest because they needed their sons to be home at tbe farm.
The hundred days of capagin
When did it happen?
August 4th
The hundred days of capagin
When did united states enter the WW1?
U.S. to enter WWI in 1917
Armistice
What was it?
An armistice is a formal agreement of warring parties to stop fighting. This made Germany to agree to withdraw all land forces on the west side and surrender lare equipment
Armistice
When did it get signed?
Nov, 11, 1918
Treaty of versailles
Resolution
The treaty was signedby germans and its allies after the hundred days campaign pushing Germany to block into their own lands (France, usa, uk)
Treaty of versailles
What was it?
The germans surrendered and took full responsibility for the war.
Treaty of versailles
What were the 4 conditions placed on Germany
- Germany had to disarm
- Make territary conscessions
- reparation payments to the allied powers
- Germany took full responsibility for everything
1915 - ——————
Ypres
- 1st engagement at Ypres, Flanders in Belgium
- Spring of 1915
- First Canadian Division held their ground in spite of the first poison gas attack
- More than 6000 Canadians lost their lives; however, the allies were successful in blocking a gap through which the German forces were hoping to reach the English Channel ports
1916 ———————
Somme
- August of 1916 near the Somme River
- Canadian forces moved couragely to take the city of Courcelette
- By the end of the Battle of Somme, the Canadian forces had suffered 24 000
casualties - Began to develop the reputation as “shock troops” (feared by Germans)
- Introduction of tanks
1917 ————————-
Vimy Ridge
- Canadian Corps were given the responsibility to attack Vimy Ridge which was heavily fortified by German forces
- Seemed an impossible task
- Great planning led to Canadian victory
- It was the first time Canadians had fought as a single unit
- Arthur Currie was the commander of the 1st Division
- Seen as an important step to Canadian nationhood
1917 ————————— (after Vimy)
Passchendaele
- Alongside British forces, task was to attack Passchendaele
- Seen as a very difficult task due to very muddy conditions
- The attack was successful but very costly
- Only 4000 of the original 20 000 soldiers survived
1918 —————————-
Canada’s Hundred Days
- August 4th to November 11th
- Canadians fought alongside allied forces in a number of engagements
- Allied victories led to the end of WW1 on November 11th
- Canadian corps suffered 46 000 casualties during this time period
Paragraph Response - How did Canada’s participation in WW1 move
it towards more independence?
