World Relgion Grade 11 Exam Flashcards
Theistic
A religion that believes in a God
Non-Theistic
A religion that believes in no God
Atheist
God doesn’t exsist
Agnostic
God may exist
Monotheistic
Belief in 1 God
Polytheistic
Belief in many Gods
Animist
Belief that all objects/creatures have a soul
Mysticism
Tranquil and at peace
Cosmology
Origins of the universe
Jewish Holy books
Torah, Tanak, Talmud
Judaism:
Torah
Defines worship and ethical duty, “law or instruction”, contains first 5 books of Jewish scriptures (old Testament)
Jewish Sects
Orthodox Jews:
- oldest and largest group
- very religious and conservative
- kosur foods only
Reform Jews:
- Liberal branch
- Believes Mosaic laws must not be followed too literally
- Begun to ordain female rabbis
Conservative Jews:
- Middle group between Orthodox and Reform Jews
- Try to apply Jewish tradition to modern life
Judaism:
Shema
Jewish Creed - Most used creed/prayer in Judaism
Judaism:
Zionism
The desire for the state of Israel for Jews
Judaism:
Yahweh (YHWH)
Jewish name for Jesus
Judaism:
Wailing Wall
Judaism: Destruction of the temple
Judaism:
Holocaust
6 million Jews killed off
Judaism:
Menorah
Perpetually burning candle to remember the temple
Judaism:
Shofar
Ram’s horn trumpet sounded at Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur
Judaism:
Abraham
- God made a covenant with Abraham
- He was about 75 when God said go to our land and I will bless you and make it great
- God tests Abraham’s faith by commanding him to sacrifice his only son to which he obeys
Judaism:
Moses
- Moses became a prophet because an angel came to him in a burning bush
- Moses brought us the 10 commandments
Jewish Festivals
Rosh Hashanah(Jewish New Year)-September/October-2days: sounding of shofar and praying for God’s blessing and protection
Yom Kippur(Day of Atonement)-September/October-1day: fasting and seeking reconciliation with God
Hanukkah(Jewish Christmas)-November/December-8days: synagogue, lighting of the menorah and gift giving
Pesach(Liberation from Egyptian Slavery)-March/April-7-8days: readings from the Haggadah, eating passover seder meal and synagogue
Islam:
Qur’an
The message revealed to Muhammad from Allah through the angel Gabriel
Islam:
Hijab
A scarf worn by muslim women that allows the women to retain their modesty, morals and freedom of choice they believe that it is liberating and allows them to avoid harassment
Islam:
Jihad
- a war or struggle against unbelievers
- means struggle, not necessarily holy war
Islam:
Umma
Islam:
The muslim community as a whole
Islam:
Caliph
A religious and political figure in the Islamic community
Divisions of Islam
Sunnis:
- believe the Caliph must be a member of Muhammad’s tribe
- Sunnis elect the Caliph
Shias:
-believe Muhammad intended to establish a hereditary line of religious leaders to teach and guide the faithful descendants through
Sufi:
- wear wool as a sign of poverty
- special brotherhoods that seek direct illumination from God by practises such as meditation or prolonged fasting
5 Pillars of Islam
Shahada (Creed)- “There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah”
Salat (Prayer)- ritual praise and adoration of God that Muslims say 5 times a day. Holy day- Friday
Zakat (Almsgiving)- Muslims give to those in need, 2.5% of wealth to charity
Sawm (Fasting)- During month of Ramadan
Hajj (Pilgrimage)- To those who can afford or healthy to make the trip to Kaaba in Mecca
Islam: Sin and final judgement
- Judgement day at end of time, ushered in by Jesus
- Dead will rise up and be judged according to their actions on Earth
- No one will escape judgment
Islam Sects
Sunni - Muslims who believe that the community leaders do not have to have to be descended from the Prophet
Shi’ite - Muslims who believe that the leadership of the Muslim community should be passed down through direct descendants of the Prophet
Islam:
Muhammad
- born in Mecca 570CE
- received his first revelation 610CE
- left for Medina (famous flight hegira) 622CE
- dies in Mecca 632CE
Christianity: Life of Jesus/ Pope Vicar of Christ
- Jesus came from a small village called Nazareth in the region of Galilee
- Around 28 CE, he travelled to the Jordan River to be baptized by his cousin, a prophet known as John the Baptist
- After his baptism, Jesus went to Galilee and began a ministry of healing and preaching
- On the third day after his death, some women followers went to his tomb to anoint his body, as was custom of the time, and the tomb was empty
- The disciples began to spread this message in Jerusalem and soon in all major cities of the Roman Empire, from their preaching Christianity was born
- Jesus was condemned to death in the year 30 CE
Hinduism:
Brahman
Heaven
Hinduism:
Atman
A person’s soul or spiritual side
Hinduism:
Samsara
The cycle of rebirth
Hinduism:
Moksha
Release from rebirths
Hinduism:
Karma
Good and bad consequences reflecting your actions. What goes around comes around
Hinduism:
Darma
Ethical duty. What you should be doing
Hinduism:
Maya
Everything is an illusion
Hinduism:
Brahma
God
the creator
-4 faces (4 cardinal directions)
-wears all white
Hinduism:
Vishnu
the preserver
- blue skin, yellow clothes
- descends to the Earth as human to save the world from danger
- incarnations of deity are called avatars
Hinduism:
Shiva
the destroyer/redeemer
- destroys sins and leads to redemption
- wears tiger loin cloth and snake collar
Hinduism: Caste System
Brahmins - priests
Kshatriyas - defenders of the realm and rulers
Vaishyas - skilled traders, merchants, farmers, artists
Sudras - unskilled workers
Dalits (Outcasts) - “untouchables” poop cleaners
Hinduism: Stages of Life
Stage 1: Student
Age: 7 to 20
Focus: religious education and a willingness to search for the truth
Stage 2: Householder
Age: 20 to 50
Focus: duty to family, raising children, earning a living
Stage 3: Semi-retired
Age: when family is self supporting
Focus: retreat from worldly life, focus on spiritual matters
Stage 4: Wandering ascetic
Age: when ready
Focus: holy, detached life, with no possessions or responsibilities
Hinduism:
Bhagavad Gita
A sacred Hindu story about Prince Arjuna and Krishna, is the most popular Hindu text
Hinduism:
Ganges River
It’s believe that bathing in the river causes liberation from the cycle of life and death
Buddhism:
Metta
Unconditional love
Buddhism:
3 Universal Truths
Anicca - Impermanence, nothing is permanent
Dukka - Suffering, all living involves suffering
Anatta - Not self, no permanent identity/existence
Divisions of Buddhism
Mahayama Buddhism: Accepted new changes and new teachings especially as Buddhism spread to new countries
Theravada Buddhism: Remained close to the original teachings of Gautama
Buddhism:
Nirvana
Complete peace and serenity reached by following the eightfold path
Buddhism:
Dukkha
All living involves suffering
Buddhism:
Sangha
Buddhist community of monks, nuns, novices, and laity
Buddhism:
Mantras
Something repeated over and over again. Ex, a prayer or hymn
Buddhism:
Mandalas
A geometric figure representing the universe in Buddhist symbolism.
Buddhism:
Dalai Lama
The spiritual head of Tibetan Buddhism and, until the establishment of Chinese communist rule, the spiritual and temporal ruler of Tibet.
Buddhism: 4 Noble Truths
The four central beliefs containing the essence of Buddhist teaching
Buddhism: Eightfold Path
8 rules that are followed to reach Nirvana that are linked to the 4 noble truths
Buddhism:
Middle Way
Finding a balance between extremities of indulgence and asceticism. The eightfold path helps guide people to live the middle way
Buddhism:
Precepts
A general rule intended to regulate behavior or thought
Buddhism:
Dharma
Cosmic law and order
Buddhism:
Karma
Good and bad consequences reflecting your actions. What goes around comes around
Buddhism:
4 Passing Sights
- Old Age
- Sickness
- Death
- Asceticism
Christianity: The Gospels and the New Testament
- The New Testament is 27 books consisting of the gospels, the book of revelation, the letter to the Hebrews, Acts of the Apostles, 13 Letters and the Seven Catholic Letters
- The Gospels are 4 ‘books’ written by Matthew, Mark, Luke and John, each writing about Jesus from a different perspective
Christianity:
Nicene Creed
Outline of Catholic beliefs created by the council Nicaea
Christianity:
Early Church
- The early Christian church is from the resurrection of Jesus until the First Council of Nicaea in 325.
- Many Christian were put to death for following the way of Jesus.
- It started out really small and spread like crazy
Christianity:
Medieval Church
How the church survived after Rome fell:
- The structure of the Church (priest, bishops, pope etc.)
- Role of the scriptures
- The theology of St.Augustine
- Monasteries in the West
Christianity:
Modern World
- There are many different types of Christian churches, many which have contradicting beliefs
- The Catholic church tries to eliminate conflict through ecumenism
Christianity:
Luther
- Luther rejected the authority of the Pope. He suggested that the Bible alone should be the guide for Christian life, and that German Christians did not need to listen (or pay taxes) to the Pope in Italy.
- Luther also disagreed with the idea that priests were needed to approach God on behalf of the people. Rather, he proposed a priesthood of all believers, saying that people could communicate with God directly. (ex, people would talk directly to God for reconciliation instead of to a priest)
- Luther insisted that the church should use the common language of the people, and not Latin as was the practice in the Roman Catholic tradition. As a result, Luther led Mass in German and even translated the entire Bible into this European language.
Christianity:
Henry VIII
- It was under the rule of King Henry VIII that England broke away from Rome and went from being a Catholic nation under the authority of the pope to a protestant nation with the king as head of the Church of England.
- In 1530, King Henry VIII wanted his marriage with Catherine of Aragon to be declared invalid so that he could marry Anne Boleyn. When the pope denied his request, Henry declared himself the head of the Church of England and dismantled the connections between Rome and England.
Christianity:
St.Augustine
- One of the reasons that Christianity that the church survived the fall of Rome due to his teachings
- He created a vision of Christian life that allowed people to endure the fall of the Western Empire and look towards the future
Divisions of Christianity
/Users/CaitSforza/Desktop/Screen Shot 2016-01-25 at 9.06.04 AM.png
Christianity:
Ecumenical Councils of Nicaea, Trent, Vatican II & St.John XXIII
Councils that gathered different churches, such as Catholic, Orthodox and Protestant churches, to bring churches that have gone astray back to the Catholic church
There has been 21 councils held in church history
Christian Beliefs: Trinity
The word “Trinity” describes the belief in Christian theology that the one God of the universe is comprised of three persons: the God the Father, the Son, Jesus Christ, and the Holy Spirit.
Christian Beliefs: Incarnation
The incarnation is that event where the second person of the Trinity, Jesus, became flesh and dwelt among us. He is God in Flesh.
Christian Beliefs: Resurrection
Christ rising from the dead
How is Christianity influence by Judaism?
Christianity is influenced by Judaism because they follow the same belief except that Judaism doesn’t believe in the New Testament
