World order Flashcards
The conflict between ____ and _____ have demonstrated the effectiveness of _____ measures in responding to changing situations that threaten peace and security: resolving conflict between nation states.
China
India
Legal
The China and India border dispute was kept from escalating into armed conflict through the _____, which ________
Agreement on Military Confidence Building Measures (1996)
Achieved the prevention of military conflict, to a large extent, given the 2020 skirmish did not use modern military weapons, thus avoiding a possible escalation to a large scale conventional war. However, it has failed to resolve the underlying dispute, and as tensions continue to rise there is no guarantee how much longer these two nuclear weapons powers will remain at peace.
China v India
The ___ demonstrates the failure of legislation in resolving disputes between China and India as it failed to meet its objective of resolving conflict peacefully rather than through the use of military force.
This is evident by the _____
Border Peace and Tranquility Agreement (1993)
2020 border clash
With reference to the South china Sea Dispute, how has the legal measure of UNCLOS failed to (resolve change) resolve conflict between nation states?
(UNCLOS) sets out that states can control the territorial waters within 200 nautical miles (370 km) off their shores. These are called the Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ). Where the zones overlap, as in some cases, neighbouring states need to decide on maritime borders.
China has largely ignored the EEZ zones of the Philippines set out under UNCLOS
It has also established a number of islands within international waters under UNCLOS
Moreover, using state soverignty, China has been able to ignore the rulling by the permanent court of arbitration PCA (2016): Philippines v China
- this is despite that fact that as far as the tribunal is concerned, the award is legally binding on China as a party to UNCLOS.
China has built islands in the Scarborough Shoal (2012), construction on the Paracel Islands (2013) and the development of the Spratly Islands (2013)
Identify one piece ice of evidence that illustrate that recent legal measures have failed to resolve conflict between states.
‘Risk of miscalculation’ rises in South China Sea as Beijing ramps up aggressive tactics - 2023 Guardian article
“Tensions over the resource-rich region are intensifying as China attempts to cut access for nations with competing claims, such as the Philippines”
Illustrate the failure of non-legla measures in reolving conflict in the South China Sea
Collin Koh, a research fellow at the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore, said freedom of navigation operations would not be enough to change Beijing’s actions in the South China Sea, and the US needed to use a more “holistic set of instruments in a more concerted manner”.
Explain why the UNSC is ineffective in challenging China’s breach of the UNCLOS international maritime law
p5 veto powers.
