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World of Viruses > World of viruses - intense protein/DNA > Flashcards

World of viruses - intense protein/DNA Flashcards

1
Q

Which viruses encode dUTPase?

A

Herpes and poxvirues

Some retroviruses

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2
Q

Which viruses encode TK enzyme?

A

Herpes and poxviruses

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3
Q

What are the guanosine nucleoside analogues?

A

Acyclovir and gancyclovir

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4
Q

Which viruses encode UNG? and what does it do?

A

Herpes and poxviruses

Excises misincorporated uracil to an abasic site so it can be repaired by cellular enzymes

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5
Q

Which viruses encode viral ribonucleoreductases and what do they do?

A

Herpes and poxviruses

Increase pool of dNTPs by removing -OH from NTPs

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6
Q

What is the cellular enzyme which deaminates cytosine

A

APOBEC3G

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7
Q

Which viral protein blocks APOBEC3G

A

HIV Vif

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8
Q

Which enzyme changes adenosine into inosine

A

ADAR

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9
Q

Which base does inosine base pair with

A

Cytidine would normally have been A base pairing with U

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10
Q

Which virus requires ADAR editing for production of a larger antigen

A

Hep Delta virus

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11
Q

If 4E-BP is phosphorylated does it bind eIF4E?

A

No cannot bind

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12
Q

If 4E-BP is not phosphorylated can it bind eIF4E

A

Yes can bind and block translation

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13
Q

Which 5 viruses activate P13K? and does this inhibit or activate translation?

A 
HCV
HPV16
EBV
HIV-1
KSHV

Activates translation

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14
Q

Which 3 viruses block TSC? and does this active or inhibit translation?

A

HIV-1
HCMV
HPV16

Activates

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15
Q

Which virus stimulates mTORC1 and does this stimulate or inhibit translation?

A

West Nile virus

Stimulates

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16
Q

Which 2 viruses increases 4E-BP i.e. un-P form and does this active/inhibit translation?

A

VSV
Polyomavirus

Inhibit’s translation as 4E-BP can bind to eIF4E

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17
Q

Which virus stimulates 4E-BP-P form? and does this stimulate/inhibit translation?

A

EMCV

Stimulates

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18
Q

Which 4 viruses and the proteins cleave eIF4G?

A

Picornavirus (polio and rhino) - 2A protease
FMDV leader protease
Calicivirus 3C protease
Retrovirus (HIV, HTLV) protease

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19
Q

Which 3 viruses/proteins interact with eIF4G?

A

Influenza - NS1
Adenovirus - 100K
Rotavirus - nsp3

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20
Q

Which virus protein physically binds to eIF4G and prevents translation?

A

Influenza NS1

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21
Q

Which virus protein binds to eIF4G and excludes MNK1 which prevents P of eIF4E

A

Adenovirus 100K

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22
Q

Which virus protein binds to eIF4G and prevent interactions with PABP so only get one round of translation?

A

Rotavirus nsp3

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23
Q

Which 3 viral proteases cleave PABP?

A

Picornaviruses 2A and 3C proteases
Calicivirus 3C protease
Lentiviruses (e.g. HIV) protease

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24
Q

Which virus protein is an mRNA specific endonuclease which interacts with eIF4A and degrades mRNA?

A

Herpes simplex virus vhs protein (UL41)

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25
Q

Which 3 viruses cap snatch?

A

Vaccinia virus
Influenza virus
Hanta virus

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26
Q

Which virus activates a cellular pathway to degrade PKR?

A

Poliovirus

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27
Q

Which 4 virus proteins are dsRNA binding proteins

A

Vaccinia E3L
Reovirus delta3
Rotavirus NSP3
Influenza NS1

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28
Q

Which 3 viruses produce short dsRNA which prevents PKR from dimerising?

A

Adenovirus VAI, EBV EBER and HIV Tar

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29
Q

Which virus protein prevents PKR dimerisation?

A

Hep C NS5A

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30
Q

Which 3 virus proteins act as pseudosubstrates for PKR?

A

Vaccinia K3L protein - Ala instead of serine so no OH
HSV VS11 protein
HIV Tat protein

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31
Q

Which virus has a type 1 IRES and what factors does it require?

A

Poliovirus
Requires C-term of eIF4G with eIF5, 2, 4A and MNK1
40S ribosome

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32
Q

Which virus has a type 3 IRES and what factors does it require?

A

HCV
eIF3, 40S ribosome, eIF5, 2
Does not require eIF4F

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33
Q

Which virus has a VPg protein which acts as a cap analogue and binds to eIF4G an eIF3

A

Caliciviruses

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34
Q

What are the 10 proteins produced from the HCV polyprotein?

A

Non-structural: Core, E1, E2, p7

Structural: NS2, NS3, NS4A, NS4A, NS5A, NS5B

35
Q

Is HCV a enveloped virus?

A

Yes

36
Q

Is Polio a enveloped virus?

A

No

37
Q

Which 4 viruses can block autophagy by binding to Beclin

A

Herpesvirus gamma-34.5
Kaposi’s sarcoma herpes virus HSHV M11
HCMV TRS1
HIV nef

38
Q

What are the two ways apoptosis can be activated?

A

Intrinsic - inappropriate DNA synthesis or shut off of protein synthesis
Extrinically - cytokines, NK cells, CTL

39
Q

Where is the FAS ligand expressed?

A

Cytotoxic T cells, NK cells

40
Q

Which 5 virus proteins target p53 for degradation?

A 
Adenovirus E1B 55K, E4-Orf6
HPV E6
SV40 large T antigen
Hep B pX
Hep C NS3 and NS5A
41
Q

Which 4 virus proteins target pRb for degradation?

A

Adenovirus E1A
HPV E7
SV40 large T antigen
Hep C NS5B

42
Q

What 3 things make up the apoptosome?

A

Cytochrome C, Apaf-1 and dATP

43
Q

Which caspcases are activated by the apoptosome in mitochondrial apoptosis?

A

Pro-caspase 9 –> caspase 9 which then causes pro-caspase 3 –> caspase 3 –>cell death

44
Q

Which 4 virus proteins are BCL-2 homologues?

A

Adenovirus E1B/19K
Herpesvirus EBV BHRF1
African swine fever virus A179L
Vaccinia virus N1 and F1L

45
Q

Is BCL-2 antiapoptotic or proapoptotic?

A

Anti - keeps the pore in the mitochondria closed

46
Q

Which virus produces untranslated RNA which has a novel interaction with complex 1? And what does this do?

A

HCMV - beta2.7 RNA binds to complex 1 in the mitochondria which stabilizes it can protects it from metabolic stress

47
Q

Which caspase is activates in the ER stress response?

A

Ca2+ release causes activation of caspase 12

48
Q

Does HCV block the ER stress response?

A

No doesn’t seem to care - RT-PCR showed the short form of Xbp-1 showing UPR to be activated

49
Q

Which 2 viruses block the activity of PERK?

A

Dengue and HSV

50
Q

Which virus blocks the activation of ATF-6?

A

HCMV

51
Q

Do all 3 arms of the UPR need to be active to induce an ER stress response?

A

No hence why viruses just block one

52
Q

Which caspases are activated in extrinsic apoptosis?

A

Caspase 8 –> caspase 3

53
Q

What are two death domain containing proteins?

A

FADD or MORT

54
Q

What type of genome is adenovirus?

A

dsDNA which produces different transcripts

55
Q

Which adenovirus transcript blocks extrinsic apoptosis?

A

E3 - 10.4K + 14.5K = RID complex

6.7K and 14.7K

56
Q

Which two transcripts in adenovirus make the RID complex?

A

10.4K and 14.5K

57
Q

Which viral complex targets FAS and TNF receptors into endosomes then lysosomes?

A

RID complex of adenovirus

58
Q

Which adenovirus protein targets caspase 8 and prevents its function?

A

14.7K

59
Q

Which viral proteins prevent cPLA2 from going to the cell surface?

A

14.7K and RID complex of adenovirus

60
Q

Which virus endocytoses TRAIL?

A

Adenovirus 6.7K and RID complex

61
Q

Which 2 viral proteins have homology to death domains?

A

vFLIPs
Molluscum contralosum - Pox virus benign cutaneous lesions - MC159 protein
gamma-herpes virus - Kaposis sarcoma herpesvirus K13

62
Q

Which 3 viral proteins are serine protease inhibitors which inhibit caspases?

A

Cowpox CrmA
Rabbitpox SPI-1
Vaccinia SPI-2

63
Q

Which viral protein specifically inhibits caspase 9?

A

Vaccinia F1L (BCL-2 inhibitor)

64
Q

Which 2 viral proteins specifically inhibit caspase 3?

A

Mousepox p28 and rabbitpox N1R

65
Q

Which DNA virus inhibits caspases?

A

Adenovirus E3-14.7K - caspase 8

66
Q

What is the hallmark of late-stage apoptosis?

A

Phosphatidylserine (PS) on the outer leaflet of the cell surface.
Normally on the inner but ATP2C Flippase normally flips back but in apoptotic cells it is cleaved by caspases

67
Q

What is the direct receptor of PS

A

T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin receptor (TIM)

68
Q

What is the receptor and bridging molecule for indirect receptor of PS

A

AXL receptor and GAS6 bridging molecule

69
Q

When PS binds to other cells what does it stimulate the production of to prevent an immune response?

A

Active TFs for genes to block the inflammatory response and the innate immune response
Produce cytokines e.g. IL10 which are anti-inflammatory and produces SOCs proteins which inhibit the immune response

70
Q

Which enveloped viruses use membranes contain PS?

A

Dengue - buds into ER and picks up a membrane - clathrin-coated endocytosis
Vaccina - picks up a cellular membrane as it is released - macropinocytotic entry as big virus
Ebola - buds from lipid rafts on the surface of infected cell containing PS and macropinocytotic entry into other cells

71
Q

Which non-enveloped virus has a GAS6 mimic?

A

SV40 VP1 protein

72
Q

Which non-enveloped viruses get incorporated into membrane structures despite not being enveloped?

A

Hep A and picornaviruses like polio
HepA get trafficked in MVBs and released by exosomes which cells release all the time for trafficking between cells
Picornaviruses auto autophagosomes to replicate on and get to get incorporated into these double-membraned vesicles which are autophagosome-like and the outer membrane fuses via PS

73
Q

How many domains are there is NS5A?

A

3 domains: 1, 2 and 3

Crystal structure of 1 but 2 and 3 are highly disordered

74
Q

Which other HCV proteins does NS5A directly interact with?

A

NS5B and NS4A

75
Q

Which proteins in the EGF signally pathway does NS5A bind too?

A

Binds Grb2 SH3 domain with its P2 (proline motif) which blocks downstream signalling to Ras

76
Q

What is the motif for binding to SH3 domains?

A

Polyproline motif - PxxPxR

77
Q

What happens with NS5A binds to the p85 subunit of PI3K?

A

Activates PI3K which generates PIP3 from PIP2 which allows it to bind to PH domain proteins such as Akt.

Upon binding induces a conformation change which causes PH domain to move and get activation of Akt which is a kinase and P’s BAD. BAD-P blocks the mitochondrial permeability pore and blocks apoptosis

78
Q

Which virus binds to the p110 subunit of PI3K?

A

HBV

79
Q

Which 3 viruses bind to the p85 subunit of PI3K?

A

Hep C NS5A
EBV LMP1
Murine PyV MT

80
Q

Which 6 viruses target the PI3K pathway and stimulate the anti-apoptotic response?

A 
EBV LMP2A
HIV-1 Tat
HPV16 E5
Flaviviruses
RSV
Rubella
81
Q

Does NS5A block P of Kv2.1?

A

Yes as a response to oxidative stress

82
Q

Is Kv2.1 a proapoptotic or antiapoptotic channel?

A

Pro - pumping out K+ ions reduces [K+] leading to caspase 3 and 9 activation and apoptosis

83
Q

What is the drug which targets NS5A?

A

Daclatasvir

84
Q

Which virus protein is a functional homologue of NS5A?

A

CHIKV virus nsp3

World of Viruses (2 decks)

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