World Music Flashcards
1
Q
What is World music?
A
- Traditional music from the developing world, sometimes incorporating elements of western popular music
- Popular music which has been influenced by the music of traditional cultures.
2
Q
What is Appropriation?
A
Taking or using things from a culture that is not your own, especially without showing understanding or respect to the culture
3
Q
What is Appreciation?
A
Opposes to the notion of appropriation and claims the artistic blending of cultures is to artificially preserve cultural practices.
4
Q
Lion Sleeps Tonight
A
- Originally recorded by South African singer Solomon Linda and his band The evening birds (1939)
- Recording was heard by american musicologist Alan Lomax and passed to Pete Seeger who recorded it with The Weavers (1952)- Insisted on royalties payments to Linda
- Then re-written and released as the lion sleeps tonight by the tokens and Linda was not credited and didn’t receive royalties. He died in poverty in 1962
5
Q
Salsa
A
- Based on the traditional ‘son’ style from Cuba
- Popularised by major labels such as Fania in the early 1970s who created super groups like Fania Allstars
- Music in Cuba by this time had incorporated US pop/rock instruments to create a totally different style- Los Van Van- Bola de Humo (1970)
- Salsa eventually gained popularity in Cuba as well as the rest of South America and is now a worldwide dance phenomenon.
6
Q
Latin Disco and Freestyle
A
- 1970’s-1980’s
- One of the founding influences for Disco, but also created its own hybrid styles characterised by Latin Rhythm patterns, piano montuno and brass riffs
- Latin Disco: Joe Bataan- Latin Strut (1973)
- Latin Freestyle: Amoretto- Clave Rocks (1986)
7
Q
Pop and Reggaeton
A
- 1990’s-2000’s
- Late 1990’s saw a boom in latin-influenced pop from singers like Ricky Martin and Shakira
- Post-2000 Reggaeton emerged as a leading urban Latin style. Combines Jamacian Ragga and Dancehall styles with Spanish Gangster rap: Daddy Yankee- Gasolina (2004). Style had a resurgence with Despacito.
8
Q
Indian Influences: The Beatles
A
- Beatles were the first of a wave of bands in the 60s to incorporate Indian styles into their music
- Guitarist George Harrison studied the Sitar with Indian performer Ravi Shankar.
- He recorded the instrument on tracks including: Norwegian Wood (1965), Love You To (1966) (Recorded with ‘Asian Music Circle’), Tomorrow never knows (1966) (Experimental studio effects), Within you without you (1967) (Addition of strings)
9
Q
Indian music in the UK
A
- Immigration to the UK from India and Pakistan in the 50’s and 60’s led to new musical fusions, particularly in communities in the Midlands and London
- Bhangra (1970’s)- fusion of Punjabi traditional music with western instruments such as guitars and synthesisers
10
Q
Folkhop
A
- 90’s and 00’s there was a tejection of Bhangra and a return to traditional folk elements including harmony and instrumentation
- Sampling and home-production became easier and cheaper. Djs realised it was cheaper to sample recordings of folk singers from India than UK performers
- New style folkhop emerged- a fusion of Indian folk music styles and UK club styles, created through loops and samples
- There were copyright issues around the sampling which meant some labels were taken to court
11
Q
Jamaican Music (Ska and Reggae)
A
- Jamaican music was popular in the UK where a large expat community had grown in the 50s
- Ska was the first of these styles to have UK chart success. Millie Small- My boy lollipop (1964)
- Reggae had more variety of tempo and a different kind of bassline, making it more like American funk and soul
- Melodies were often based on Jamaican ‘mento’ songs. Bob Marley- Stir it up (1973)
12
Q
Ska-punk
A
- Reggae influences began to be found in punk bands in the 70s and 80s. The Clash- Rudie Can’t Fail (1979), The Specials- A Message to You Rudie (1979)
- A sped-up version of the style would later become epitomised in US by bands like Reel Big Fish (Sell Out, 1996)
13
Q
Later developments of Reggae and Ska
A
- Lovers rock- softer reggae style developed in 80s/90s to be more romantic and chart friendly. It lacked the political message of Ska and Reggae and incorporated softer instrumental sounds. UB40- Red Red Wine (1983)
- Dancehall. Sean Paul- Get busy, Drake- One Dance, Ed Sheeran- Shape of You.
14
Q
Dub and Dubstep
A
- Dub was an experimental music originating in the 1970s from instrumental versions of reggae records.
- These were slowed down and distorted with electronic effects such as reverb, echo and enhanced bass. Lee ‘Scratch’ Perry- Jah (1977)
- Dubstep continued this experimental tradition decades later originating in South London from around 2006) creating an unsettling and innovative electronic style. Kode9 and Space Ape
15
Q
African Influences
A
- Paul Simon- Graceland (1986). Collaboration with South African singing group Ladysmith Black Mambazo. Controversy over breaking anti-apartheid embargo.
- Peter Gabriel- So (1986). Introduced Senegalese singer Youssou N’Dour to a western audience. He would go on to become a star of World Music.
- Talking heads (1980). Post-punk ‘new-wave’ band fronted by experimental singer David Byrne. Featured African rhythm pattern sand percussions on their 1980 album Remain in Light which was created from a communal improvised approach inspired by African polyrhythms and Fela Kuti
