World Music Flashcards
1
Q
Chinese Lute
A
Ch’in (plucked)
2
Q
Chinese fiddle
A
Erh-hu
3
Q
Chinese Percussion
A
Yün-lo (Gongs)
4
Q
Chinese mouth organ
A
Sheng
5
Q
Chinese oboe
A
Tou-khan
6
Q
Chinese flutes
A
Hsaio, Ti-tzu
7
Q
Chinese rhythm
A
4/4 time sig
8
Q
Chinese tonality
A
Pentatonic
9
Q
What is a lü?
A
Pitch, there are 12 of them
10
Q
Chinese texture
A
Heterophonic (melody is repeated in different note values)
11
Q
How is Chinese music recorded?
A
Not written down, western notation often used for rhythms
12
Q
Chinese identifying features
A
Repetition, harsh/regimented, clear structure
13
Q
Japanese lute
A
Biwa
14
Q
Japanese zither
A
Shamisen
15
Q
Other Japanese string instruments
A
Kokyu (bowed) Koto (plucked)
16
Q
Japanese percussion
A
Taiko (big drum)
17
Q
Japanese flutes
A
Shakuhachi, Ryuteki
18
Q
Japanese mouth organ
A
Sho
19
Q
Japanese oboe
A
Hichiriki
20
Q
Japanese rhythm
A
Jo (introduction, rhythmic freedom)
Ha (breaking away, structured w pulse)
Kyu (hurried, faster)
21
Q
Japanese tonality
A
Ryu and Ritsu (modes), melodies start at different times
22
Q
Japanese texture
A
Heterophonic (no chordal harmonies)
23
Q
Important terms: Japanese
A
Through-composed
Noh drama
Kabuki (drama)
Court music (more traditional)
24
Q
Identifying features: Japanese
A
More flowing, no repetition
25
Two Indian regions
Hindustani (North) Karnatak (South)
26
Hindustani drone instruments
Tambura (plucked)
27
Hindustani melody instruments
Sitar (plucked) sarangi (bowed) sarod (plucked)
| Some also have drone strings
28
Hindustani percussion
Dhol (drum) Tabla (drum)
29
Hindustani keyboard
Harmonium
30
Hindustani rhythm
Tala (rhythm cycle)
31
Hindustani tonality
Raga (scale + melody)
32
Alap
Hindustani + Karnatak
| Solo + tambura drone
33
Gat
Karnatak only added section between alap and jhor
| Precomposed, fixed section where the instruments interact
34
Jhor
Hindustani + Karnatak
| Faster tempo
35
Jhala
Hindustani + karnatak
| Tabla joins in, improvised section
36
Indian texture
Melody + drone + rhythm
37
Important terms: hindustani
Folk music (can also have a religious aspect, i.e. Dance for harvest)
38
Identifying features: Indian
'Twang' + resonant aspect of strings
39
Karnatak plucked string instruments
Sitar, sarod, tambura, veena
40
Karnatak bowed string instruments
Sarangi, violin
41
Karnatak flute
Venu
42
Karnatak percussion
Ghatam (clay pot) Mrindigam (double headed drum)
43
Karnatak rhythm
Matras (cycle of beats)
| Bols (drum strokes)
44
Important terms: Karnatak
In courts + temples (classical music of past)
| Now in shops + houses, performances in Gurus' (teachers') houses
45
Indonesian metallophones
Saron, slentem
46
Indonesian strings
Rabab (bowed)
47
Indonesian woodwind
Suling (flute)
48
Indonesian gongs
Bonang, Kenong, Kethuk, Kempiang, Kempul
49
Indonesian rhythm
4 beats in a bar, 4th is the strongest
50
Keteg (Indonesian)
Cyclical rhythmic pattern (like a bar)
51
Indonesian tonality
Slendro (5 notes)
| Pelog (7 notes)
52
Indonesian texture
Heterophonic (differing note values, same interlocking melodies)
53
Gamelan definition
Ensemble (Indonesian)
54
Balungan definition
Main theme (Indonesian)
55
Identifying features: Indonesian
Odd tuning, gongs
56
African drums
Kidi, Kaganu, talking drum
57
African thumb piano
Mbira
58
African strings
Kora (plucked)
59
African xylophone
Balafon
60
African rhythm
12/8 time sig
| 2nd and 4th beats are the strongest
61
African tonality
Pentatonic, no fixed pitch, tuning varies between regions and sets of instruments
62
African texture
Call + response, polyrhythmic (many rhythms at the same time)
63
African talking drum
Imitates human speech by creating different pitches through hitting different sections of the drum/tightening the skin
64
Important terms: African
Ceremonial uses, teaching/educational - work songs, switches between major and minor, vocal parts in thirds. Inspired jazz + blues etc
65
Identifying features: African
Call + response
Rhythmic drums
Voices + chorus
Polyrhythmic
66
Arab string instruments
Rabab (plucked)
Ud (lute)
Qanun (Zither)
67
Arab wind instruments
Nay (end blown flute)
68
Arab rhythm
Iqa'at - rhythmic pattern/cycle, mimics the reading of the Qur'an
Hand clapping, drums
69
Maqam
Set of scales (Arab)
70
Ajnas
1/2 octave (Arab)
71
Diwan
1 octave (Arab)
72
Jadwal
2 octaves (Arab)
73
Arab tonality
Quarter tones used, no fixed pitch
| Narrow range, usually a 4th-5th at most, never a 6th
74
Arab texture
Heterophonic w/ decorated melodies
| Call + response, repeated phrases, short melodic phrases
75
Important terms: Arab
Qur'an (holy book, most music based on/created for it)
| Secular + folk
76
Identifying features: Arab
Twangy w pitch bending + strings
| In/out of tune, short range of notes, shouting + clapping
77
Latin American possible countries
Chile, Brazil, Cuba, Mexico, Argentina
78
Latin American cowbell
Agogo
79
Latin American drums
Tambourne (small drum)
| Conga (cylindrical drum)
80
Latin American box
Chajones
81
Latin American shaker
Shekere
82
Latin American sticks
Claves
83
Other Latin American instruments:
Panpipes, guitars, harps, bandonion (accordion), charango (smol guitar)
84
Latin American tonality
Diatonic (maj/min)
85
Latin American rhythm
4/4, strong rhythmic patterns
86
Latin American texture
Call + response, polyrhythms
87
Important terms: Latin American
Mariachi bands (trumpets, guitars, charango, harps, occasionally violins + singers)
88
Identifying features: Latin American
Strong percussion element (i.e. Shakers)
| Pitched, sounds more like western music
