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Gcse Music > World Music > Flashcards

World Music Flashcards

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1
Q

Chinese Lute

A

Ch’in (plucked)

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2
Q

Chinese fiddle

A

Erh-hu

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3
Q

Chinese Percussion

A

Yün-lo (Gongs)

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4
Q

Chinese mouth organ

A

Sheng

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5
Q

Chinese oboe

A

Tou-khan

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6
Q

Chinese flutes

A

Hsaio, Ti-tzu

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7
Q

Chinese rhythm

A

4/4 time sig

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8
Q

Chinese tonality

A

Pentatonic

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9
Q

What is a lü?

A

Pitch, there are 12 of them

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10
Q

Chinese texture

A

Heterophonic (melody is repeated in different note values)

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11
Q

How is Chinese music recorded?

A

Not written down, western notation often used for rhythms

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12
Q

Chinese identifying features

A

Repetition, harsh/regimented, clear structure

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13
Q

Japanese lute

A

Biwa

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14
Q

Japanese zither

A

Shamisen

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15
Q

Other Japanese string instruments

A

Kokyu (bowed) Koto (plucked)

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16
Q

Japanese percussion

A

Taiko (big drum)

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17
Q

Japanese flutes

A

Shakuhachi, Ryuteki

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18
Q

Japanese mouth organ

A

Sho

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19
Q

Japanese oboe

A

Hichiriki

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20
Q

Japanese rhythm

A

Jo (introduction, rhythmic freedom)
Ha (breaking away, structured w pulse)
Kyu (hurried, faster)

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21
Q

Japanese tonality

A

Ryu and Ritsu (modes), melodies start at different times

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22
Q

Japanese texture

A

Heterophonic (no chordal harmonies)

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23
Q

Important terms: Japanese

A

Through-composed
Noh drama
Kabuki (drama)
Court music (more traditional)

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24
Q

Identifying features: Japanese

A

More flowing, no repetition

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25
Q

Two Indian regions

A

Hindustani (North) Karnatak (South)

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26
Q

Hindustani drone instruments

A

Tambura (plucked)

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27
Q

Hindustani melody instruments

A

Sitar (plucked) sarangi (bowed) sarod (plucked)

Some also have drone strings

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28
Q

Hindustani percussion

A

Dhol (drum) Tabla (drum)

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29
Q

Hindustani keyboard

A

Harmonium

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30
Q

Hindustani rhythm

A

Tala (rhythm cycle)

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31
Q

Hindustani tonality

A

Raga (scale + melody)

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32
Q

Alap

A

Hindustani + Karnatak

Solo + tambura drone

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33
Q

Gat

A

Karnatak only added section between alap and jhor

Precomposed, fixed section where the instruments interact

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34
Q

Jhor

A

Hindustani + Karnatak

Faster tempo

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35
Q

Jhala

A

Hindustani + karnatak

Tabla joins in, improvised section

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36
Q

Indian texture

A

Melody + drone + rhythm

37
Q

Important terms: hindustani

A

Folk music (can also have a religious aspect, i.e. Dance for harvest)

38
Q

Identifying features: Indian

A

‘Twang’ + resonant aspect of strings

39
Q

Karnatak plucked string instruments

A

Sitar, sarod, tambura, veena

40
Q

Karnatak bowed string instruments

A

Sarangi, violin

41
Q

Karnatak flute

A

Venu

42
Q

Karnatak percussion

A

Ghatam (clay pot) Mrindigam (double headed drum)

43
Q

Karnatak rhythm

A

Matras (cycle of beats)

Bols (drum strokes)

44
Q

Important terms: Karnatak

A

In courts + temples (classical music of past)

Now in shops + houses, performances in Gurus’ (teachers’) houses

45
Q

Indonesian metallophones

A

Saron, slentem

46
Q

Indonesian strings

A

Rabab (bowed)

47
Q

Indonesian woodwind

A

Suling (flute)

48
Q

Indonesian gongs

A

Bonang, Kenong, Kethuk, Kempiang, Kempul

49
Q

Indonesian rhythm

A

4 beats in a bar, 4th is the strongest

50
Q

Keteg (Indonesian)

A

Cyclical rhythmic pattern (like a bar)

51
Q

Indonesian tonality

A

Slendro (5 notes)

Pelog (7 notes)

52
Q

Indonesian texture

A

Heterophonic (differing note values, same interlocking melodies)

53
Q

Gamelan definition

A

Ensemble (Indonesian)

54
Q

Balungan definition

A

Main theme (Indonesian)

55
Q

Identifying features: Indonesian

A

Odd tuning, gongs

56
Q

African drums

A

Kidi, Kaganu, talking drum

57
Q

African thumb piano

A

Mbira

58
Q

African strings

A

Kora (plucked)

59
Q

African xylophone

A

Balafon

60
Q

African rhythm

A

12/8 time sig

2nd and 4th beats are the strongest

61
Q

African tonality

A

Pentatonic, no fixed pitch, tuning varies between regions and sets of instruments

62
Q

African texture

A

Call + response, polyrhythmic (many rhythms at the same time)

63
Q

African talking drum

A

Imitates human speech by creating different pitches through hitting different sections of the drum/tightening the skin

64
Q

Important terms: African

A

Ceremonial uses, teaching/educational - work songs, switches between major and minor, vocal parts in thirds. Inspired jazz + blues etc

65
Q

Identifying features: African

A

Call + response
Rhythmic drums
Voices + chorus
Polyrhythmic

66
Q

Arab string instruments

A

Rabab (plucked)
Ud (lute)
Qanun (Zither)

67
Q

Arab wind instruments

A

Nay (end blown flute)

68
Q

Arab rhythm

A

Iqa’at - rhythmic pattern/cycle, mimics the reading of the Qur’an
Hand clapping, drums

69
Q

Maqam

A

Set of scales (Arab)

70
Q

Ajnas

A

1/2 octave (Arab)

71
Q

Diwan

A

1 octave (Arab)

72
Q

Jadwal

A

2 octaves (Arab)

73
Q

Arab tonality

A

Quarter tones used, no fixed pitch

Narrow range, usually a 4th-5th at most, never a 6th

74
Q

Arab texture

A

Heterophonic w/ decorated melodies

Call + response, repeated phrases, short melodic phrases

75
Q

Important terms: Arab

A

Qur’an (holy book, most music based on/created for it)

Secular + folk

76
Q

Identifying features: Arab

A

Twangy w pitch bending + strings

In/out of tune, short range of notes, shouting + clapping

77
Q

Latin American possible countries

A

Chile, Brazil, Cuba, Mexico, Argentina

78
Q

Latin American cowbell

A

Agogo

79
Q

Latin American drums

A

Tambourne (small drum)

Conga (cylindrical drum)

80
Q

Latin American box

A

Chajones

81
Q

Latin American shaker

A

Shekere

82
Q

Latin American sticks

A

Claves

83
Q

Other Latin American instruments:

A

Panpipes, guitars, harps, bandonion (accordion), charango (smol guitar)

84
Q

Latin American tonality

A

Diatonic (maj/min)

85
Q

Latin American rhythm

A

4/4, strong rhythmic patterns

86
Q

Latin American texture

A

Call + response, polyrhythms

87
Q

Important terms: Latin American

A

Mariachi bands (trumpets, guitars, charango, harps, occasionally violins + singers)

88
Q

Identifying features: Latin American

A

Strong percussion element (i.e. Shakers)

Pitched, sounds more like western music

Gcse Music (2 decks)

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