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IGCSE Music > World Music > Flashcards

World Music Flashcards

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1
Q

Main African instruments

A
  • Kora (Big dried vegetable, Harp-like)
  • Xylophone / Balafon
  • Talking Drum
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2
Q

Main Arab instruments

A
  • Rabab (Bow stringed instrument)
  • Ūd (Like a Loot)
  • Nãy
  • Qanun
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3
Q

Main Indian Instruments

A
  • Sitar
  • Sarangi
  • Tabla
  • Tambura
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4
Q

Main Indonesian Instruments

A
  • Kendang
  • Bonang
  • Gong
  • Saron
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5
Q

Main Chinese Instruments

A
  • Qin / Gu Zheng
  • Dizi (Bamboo Flutes)
  • Er Hu
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6
Q

Main Japanese Instruments

A
  • Shakuhachi (Single Bamboo Flute)
  • Koto (Gu-Zheng Like)
  • Shō (Bamboo Flutes)
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7
Q

Main Latin American Instruments

A
  • Charangi
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8
Q

African: Rhythm and texture

A
  • Cross Rhythm
  • polyrhythm
  • Syncopated
  • atonal
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9
Q

African music features

A
  • syncopation
  • polythrythm
  • ostinato
  • call and response
  • homo and mono vocal textures
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10
Q

most important feature
of african music

A

rhythm

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11
Q

Key features of Arab Music

A
  • heterophonic
  • call and response
  • improvisation
  • drone
  • no major or minor or predictable chord sequence
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12
Q

Layers in indian Music

A
  1. Melody
  2. Rhythm
  3. Drone
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13
Q

Drone in indian music

A

provided by a stringed instrument called the Tambura, it sums the ‘tonic and ‘dominant’ note of the chosen scale throughout the piece

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14
Q

Melody in Indian Music

A
  • Sitar
  • Sarangi
  • Harmonium
  • Bamboo Flute
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15
Q

Raga (Indian)

A

Indian musicians base their melodies on scales called ‘raga’.
There are lots of different scales, with different number of notes, and sometimes they are different
in their ascending and descending forms
Each raga has a specific mood, event or time of day attached.

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16
Q

Structure of a Raga

A

Alap, Jhor, Jhalla

17
Q

Rhythm in Indian

A

Tabla (2 drums, metal circle in middle)
Plays Tala - repeating rhythm cycle, first note of
Tala is Sam (emphasized). Khali (unemphasized
notes)

18
Q

No tabla =

A

Alap

19
Q

What is common in Indian music

A

Glissando between notes, common

20
Q
A

kora

21
Q
A

balafon

22
Q

Alap

A
  • Invocation
  • Slow, Free tempo
  • Improvisatory
  • Instruments heard: melodic instrument and drone
  • No drums
23
Q

Jhor

A
  • Strict tempo
  • Gat melody
24
Q

Jhalla

A
  • Speeds Up
  • tabla plays
  • Fast improvisation on the Gat
  • Busy
  • Polar opposite of Alap
25
Q

Main Features of Gamelan

A
  • Music made up of layers and layers of different instrument
  • heterophonic
  • slendro: pentatonic scale
  • pelog: heptatonic
  • frequent change in tempo and dynamics
26
Q

Features of Chinese

A

❖ Pentatonic scale
❖ Monophonic / Heterophonic
❖ Tonality in the words means that the melody and directional passages are given more importance
❖ Heavy ornamentation
❖ Significant use of percussion instruments
- Pitch Bending

27
Q

Features of Japanese

A
  • Often has a vocal part, nature of instrument is usually reflected in the title
  • More emotional
  • No Chordal Harmony
  • Both Chinese and Japanese are Pentatonic, Programmatic
  • Melodic parts seem to start at different times, only coming together at cadences
  • “Through-Composed”, no repeated ideas, keep adding on new ideas
28
Q

Features of Mariachi Music

A
  • Syncopation
  • Melodies played in thirds, by trumpet or violin
  • Verses sung solo, chorus sung by everyone
  • Lively, quick tempo
  • Simple, mainly primary chords
  • Repeated melodic phrases
29
Q

Instruments in Mariachi

A
  • Guitar
  • Violin
  • Trumpet
  • Small percussion instruments
  • Vihuela, string instrument that plays off beat
30
Q

Features of Tango (Argentina

A

● Variations of habanera
● Melody line often contains chromatic twists
● Syncopated dotted rhythm
Variations of habanera
● Frequent use of accented notes
● Use of glissando
● intense, dramatic, melancholic
● 2/4 or 4/4
● Texture often featuring a solo melodic instrument with chordal accompaniment (homophonic

31
Q

Tango Instruments

A

● Piano
● String bass
● Violin
● Bandoneon
● Cello
● Guitar

32
Q

Samba Features

A

➔ Rhythmic repetition (ostinato)
➔ Fast tempo
➔ Syncopation
➔ Polyrhythm
➔ Call and Response

33
Q

Samba Instruments

A
  • surdo
  • apito
  • tamborim
  • snare drums
  • agogo
  • Pandeiro
  • reco reco
34
Q

Choro Instruments

A

Cavaquinho

Bandolim

Pandeiro

35
Q

Choro Features

A

Harmony: triads, relative minor, modulation

Structure: ABA, ABACA

Tempo: ¾, 2/2, 4/4

Improvisation

Countermelody and counterpoint

36
Q

Panpipes features

A

● 6/8 alternating with ¾ time signatures - hemiola effect.
● Conventional chords - mostly primary
● Syncopated rhythms
● Regular phrase lengths
● Major/minor tonalities
● Melodies sometimes shared between two instruments (each takes alternating notes, or groups of notes) - this technique is known as hocketing.

37
Q

Panpipes Instruments

A

Charango

IGCSE Music (23 decks)

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