World Issues - unit 2 Flashcards
what are the causes of conflict
- natural resource conflict
- territorial
- cultural
- religious
- geopolitical
example of natural resource conflict
russia and ukraine war
example of territorial conflict
israel and palestine
example of cultural conflict
Canada and first nations, or Rwanda
example of religious conflict
Ireland or Iraq (Sunni and Shia Muslims)
what are the 5 conflict theories
- Frustration aggression theory
- social identity theory
- Huntington’s
- Thomas Homer Dixon
- Structural conflict theory
define the Frustration aggression theory
use of psychology to explain civil strife, including strikes, riots, coups, revolutions, and guerrilla wars
what does the frustration-aggression theory suggest
they suggest that some individuals become aggressive when they feel frustrated by something or someone they believe is blocking them from fullfilling a strong desrire
Define the Social Identity Group Theory
uses psychology to help explain conflicts involving nationalism, ethnicity, and religion
What does the Social Identity theory have to say about groups
Individuals may have a need for a sense of camraderie or “we-ness” that can be satisfied in a group when it discriminates against or attacks another group
what are the three pillars of social Identity
- and insecure environment - can relate to
- a tool that can bind the targeted audience with the group - religion is a great bonding tool
- self-interest - can i benefit?
what is Sam Huntington’s Clash of Civilizations
conflict would most frequently and violently occure because of cultural rather than ideological differences
what was Thomas Homer-Dixon’s theory
the ever increasing demand for natural resources and the scarcity of those resources
what does environmental degradation lead to?
- decreased agricultural production
- economic decline
- population displacement
what is the structural conflict theory
that conflict is built into the particular ways societies are structured and organized
what is the structural conflict theory identify
conditions such as: social exclusion, deprivation, class inequalities, injustice, political, marginalization, gender imbalences, racial segregation, economic exploitation and the likes all of which often lead to conflict
what is soft power
a combination of:
- the golden arches theory
- co-option
- public diplomacy
- government diplomacy
what is the golden arches theory
conflict prevention;
- any country that has a McDonalds in it will not go to war
what is co-option
potential opponents become closely tied (i.e Germany and France biggest trading and travelling partners)
what is public diplomacy
create ongoing positive change
what is government diplomacy
international negotions
what is Hard Power
- Aid payments and bribes
- sanctions
- force
define aid payments and bribes
wealthy countries provide financial incentives to poorer countries for their support
(either join us or we stop giving you financial aid or join us and we’ll give you 50 million dollars)
define sanctions
measures taken by countries or orgs. Like the UN against countries to force them to change their policies
define force
warfare - symmetric and asymmetric (more common now)
what is the Military industrial complex
the total takeover of the arms manufacturers and the military