World I SOL Review Flashcards
The belief and worship of more than one god.
Polytheism
Leader of the Delian League (Peloponnesian War)
Athens
Leader of the Peloponnesian League (Peloponnesian War)
Sparta
Characteristics of Old Stone Age (Paleolithic) people
Created cave art Had spoken languages Were nomadic Invented the first tools, including simple weapons---Lived in small clans Mastered fire Hunters and Gatherers
Characteristics of New Stone Age (Neolithic) people
Developed agriculture (farming) Domesticated animals (cows, sheep, goats, etc) Used advance tools Made pottery Developed weaving skills Created written languages
Someone who studies past people and cultures by analyzing the remains and ruins left behind.
Archaeologist
Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
Mesopotamian Civilization
Nile River
Egyptian Civilization
Indus River Valley
Indian Civilization
Huang He River (Yellow River)
Chinese Civilization
The belief and worship in one god
Monotheism
Characteristics of the Hebrews
Monotheistic Religion (Judaism)
Babylonian Exile (exiled from their homeland referred to as the Jewish Diaspora)
Settled in Canaan after leaving Egypt
Torah is their religious book
Characteristics of the Phoenicians
Created the first alphabet
Settled along the Mediterranean coast (part of the Fertile Crescent)
Established many colonies including Carthage
Early civilizations were around river valleys because…
Water was readily available for irrigation
Rich soil for agriculture
Usually were easily defensible
Roman Written Laws
12 Tables
Babylonian Written Laws
Code of Hammurabi
Jewish Written Laws and Religious Rules
Ten Commandments
Characteristics of the Egyptians
Polytheistic
Wrote with Hieroglyphics
Mummified the dead
Built great pyramids
Characterisitcs of the Persians
Built an extensive road network
Ruled by Imperial Bureaucracy
Was tolerant of other religions and cultures
Zoroastrian
A rigid class system with the king on top and serfs on the bottom. Land is distributed to vassals by the king.
Feudalism
The Christian leaders in Western Europe attempt to reconquer the Holy Land (Jerusalem) from the Muslims
Crusades
200 years of peace and prosperity in the Roman Empire following Caesar Augustus’ reign.
Pax Romana
Co-control of Rome by Julius Caesar, Pompey Maximus, and Marcus Crassus
First Triumvirate
Co-control of Rome by Octavian (Caesar Augustus), Mark Antony, and Marcus Lepidus
Second Triumvirate
A group of people that move from place to place in search of food, or grazing grounds, but never permanently settle an area.
Nomads
A group of islands chained or gathered close together,
Archipelago
A narrow body of water that connects two larger bodies of water
Straight
A narrow strip of land that connects two larger areas of land
Isthmus
Land with water on three sides
Peninsula
Religion in Japan that centers of forces of nature, ancestor worship and the kami, or spirits
Shintoism
The founder of Buddhism
Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)
Mauryan Empire leader that sent missionaries out of India to spread Buddhism to China
Asoka
Indian Empire that was considered the golden age of Indian culture
Gupta Empire
Religion with a very rigid social structure (caste system) that believes in rebirth and that all actions and thoughts have consequences (karma)
Hinduism
Persian religion that was monotheistic, believed in a cosmic struggle between good and evil, and left the dead exposed to the elements in Towers of Silence
Zoroastrianism
Characteristics of the Western Church
Centered in Rome Accepted the authority of the Pope Held liturgies in Latin Priests were celibate Became the Roman Catholic Church
Characteristics of the Easter Church
Centered in Constantinople
Accepted the authority of the Patriarch
Held liturgies in Greek
Became the Orthodox Church
River and Delta that served as the backbone of Egypt
Nile River
Two rivers that flow through ancient Mesopotamia
Tigris and Euphrates
River site of early Chinese civilization
Huang He
Location of the ancient Hebrews
Between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea
To be forced out of your homeland
Diaspora
The founder of Rome
Romulus
The father of Democracy
Pericles
Greek philosophers
Socrates
Plato
Aristotle
Greek historians
Herodotus
Thucydides
Greek author of the epic poems Odyssey and the Iliad
Homer
Reasons for the fall of the Roman Republic
Influx of slaves into agricultures (leading to loss of jobs)
High unemployment in the cities (people went to cities to find work)
Devaluation of currency (money became worth less)
Professional Military led to loyalty to Generals over state
Reasons for the fall of the Roman Empire
Multiple invasions by outsiders
Lack of prescribed way to choose a new Emperor (led to instability and possible civil war every time an emperor died)
Devaluation of currency
Decline in the family
First Roman Emperor
Caesar Augustus (Octavian)
Trade route linking the far East (China) with the West (Rome and Europe)
Silk Road
Trade route linking Europe with gold and salt from West Africa
Trans Saharan Trade Route
What event killed off 50% of Europe’s population, or around 200 million people?
The Bubonic Plague, or the Black Death
Rigid social structure where kings trade land for support, vassals get land in exchange for loyalty to their king, and peasants work land in exchange for protection.
Feudalism
Group of people that came from Norway and Sweden and settled as far away as Iceland, Newfoundland, and Greenland.
Vikings
Group of people that came from central Asia and settled in modern day Hungary
Magyars
Group of people that came from modern day Germany and settled in England
Angles and Saxons
Battle that formed the Kingdom of England, where King Harold Godwinson was defeated by William the Conqueror
Battle of Hastings, 1066.
