World History Unit 2 Vocab

Question 1

William the Conqueror

Answer 1

King of England from 1060 to 1087; he was a powerful French noble who conquered England and brought feudalism to England. (p. 388)

Question 2

Domesday Book

Answer 2

the written record of English land- owners and their property made by order of William the Conqueror in 1085–1086

Question 3

Fief

Answer 3

a grant of land from a lord to a vassal

Question 4

Manorial System

Answer 4

an economic system in the Middle Ages that was built around large estates called manors

Question 5

Vassal

Answer 5

in medieval Europe, a person granted land from a lord in return for services

Question 6

Magna Carta

Answer 6

a charter agreed to by King John of England that granted nobles certain rights and restricted the king’s powers

Question 7

Parliament

Answer 7

the governing body of England

Question 8

Caliphate

Answer 8

area ruled by a caliph

Question 9

Umayyad

Answer 9

first ruling dynasty over the Muslim Caliphate

Question 10

Abbasid

Answer 10

dynasty that overthrew the Umayyad dynasty to rule the Muslim caliphate from 750 to 1258; for 150 years the Abbasids maintained the unity of the caliphate and Islamic culture and civilization flourished.

Question 11

Charlemagne

Answer 11

King of the Franks from 768 to 814; he united much of France, Germany and northern Italy in one Frankish empire; crowned Emperor of the Roman people in 800.

Question 12

Friars

Answer 12

members of certain Roman Catholic religious orders; first prominent in the Europe of the late Middle Ages; unlike monks, friars preached in towns

Question 13

Indulgences

Answer 13

pardons issued by the pope of the Roman Catholic Church that could reduce a soul’s time in purgatory; from the 1100s to the 1500s, indulgences could be purchased, which led to corruption

Question 14

Piety

Answer 14

devotion to one’s religion

Question 15

Urban ll

Answer 15

Roman Catholic pope from 1088 to 1099; he called on Christians to launch the First Crusade.

Question 16

Papal States

Answer 16

territories in central Italy controlled by the pope from 756–1870

Question 17

Holy Land

Answer 17

region that included Jerusalem and the area around it, considered holy by Jews, Christians, and Muslims

Question 18

Crusades

Answer 18

a series of wars carried out by European Christians to gain control of the Holy Land from their Muslim rulers

Question 19

Richard the Lionhearted

Answer 19

King of England from 1189 to 1199; he fought in the Holy Land against Saladin during the Third Crusade. He eventually ceased fighting and returned to England.

Question 20

Black Death

Answer 20

a terrible outbreak of bubonic plague that swept through Europe, beginning in 1347

Question 21

Apprentice

Answer 21

a person who learns a skill under a master of the trade

Question 22

Journeyman

Answer 22

a skilled worker who was paid wages by the master of a guild

Question 23

Guilds

Answer 23

associations of people who worked at the same craft or trade during the Middle Ages

Question 24

Credit

Answer 24

an arrangement by which a purchaser borrows money from a bank or other lender and agrees to pay it back over time