World History Unit 2 Vocab Flashcards
William the Conqueror
King of England from 1060 to 1087; he was a powerful French noble who conquered England and brought feudalism to England. (p. 388)
Domesday Book
the written record of English land- owners and their property made by order of William the Conqueror in 1085–1086
Fief
a grant of land from a lord to a vassal
Manorial System
an economic system in the Middle Ages that was built around large estates called manors
Vassal
in medieval Europe, a person granted land from a lord in return for services
Magna Carta
a charter agreed to by King John of England that granted nobles certain rights and restricted the king’s powers
Parliament
the governing body of England
Caliphate
area ruled by a caliph
Umayyad
first ruling dynasty over the Muslim Caliphate
Abbasid
dynasty that overthrew the Umayyad dynasty to rule the Muslim caliphate from 750 to 1258; for 150 years the Abbasids maintained the unity of the caliphate and Islamic culture and civilization flourished.
Charlemagne
King of the Franks from 768 to 814; he united much of France, Germany and northern Italy in one Frankish empire; crowned Emperor of the Roman people in 800.
Friars
members of certain Roman Catholic religious orders; first prominent in the Europe of the late Middle Ages; unlike monks, friars preached in towns
Indulgences
pardons issued by the pope of the Roman Catholic Church that could reduce a soul’s time in purgatory; from the 1100s to the 1500s, indulgences could be purchased, which led to corruption
Piety
devotion to one’s religion
Urban ll
Roman Catholic pope from 1088 to 1099; he called on Christians to launch the First Crusade.
Papal States
territories in central Italy controlled by the pope from 756–1870
Holy Land
region that included Jerusalem and the area around it, considered holy by Jews, Christians, and Muslims
Crusades
a series of wars carried out by European Christians to gain control of the Holy Land from their Muslim rulers
Richard the Lionhearted
King of England from 1189 to 1199; he fought in the Holy Land against Saladin during the Third Crusade. He eventually ceased fighting and returned to England.
Black Death
a terrible outbreak of bubonic plague that swept through Europe, beginning in 1347
Apprentice
a person who learns a skill under a master of the trade
Journeyman
a skilled worker who was paid wages by the master of a guild
Guilds
associations of people who worked at the same craft or trade during the Middle Ages
Credit
an arrangement by which a purchaser borrows money from a bank or other lender and agrees to pay it back over time
