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World History > World History Test 2 > Flashcards

World History Test 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Cyrus of Achaemenid

A

-His conquest laid the foundations of the first Persian Empire
-He created the first four Persian Empires

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2
Q

Darius

A

-Centralized his empire and Administration
-Built magnificent Capital in Persepolis
-His realm was divided into 23 administrative and taxation districts called Satrapies.
-Achaemenid rulers built long-distance roads to facilitate communication and trade.
-Cyrus and Darus pursued a policy of intolerance in administering multicultural empire and respecting the values and cultural traditions of the people they ruled
-Darius successor of Xerxes- did not observe the policy of tolerance but rather imposed his views onto conquered lands and bragged about his Persian identity.

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3
Q

Satrapies

A

administrative and taxation districts

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4
Q

War of Persian

A

Salamis, Plataea, Mycalae

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5
Q

Alexander of Macedon

A

-The Macedonian Army destroyed the Achaemenid empire
- His death ended the Classical Age of Greece and started the Hellenistic Age

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6
Q

The Seleucid Empire

A

Were always viewed as foreigners by the people. The governed and satraps revolted against them

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7
Q

What did Mithridate do to the Parthian Empire

A

Mithridates I conquered the empire became the greatest ruler and took the state into a powerful empire

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8
Q

What did Parthian believe about the Persian rule

A

Parthian believed they were the restores of the Persian rulers against the foreign Seleucids

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9
Q

Parthian built what capital and where?

A

Capital at Ctesiphon in Babylonia

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10
Q

Where was the Sasanid capital?

A

Sasanid captial was also in Ctesiphon just like the Parthians

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11
Q

Quants

A

Underground canal which allowed cultivators to distribute water fields without losing large quantities to evaporation.

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12
Q

What did the Sasanid Empire incorporate into Expanding?

A

Islamic Empire

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13
Q

In the Sasnid Empire slaves were?

A

War captives, and Prisoner of War

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14
Q

Sasanid Empire promoted the growth of trade by?

A

-Political stability by the Persian Empire
-the general prosperity of the realm
-the use of standardized coins
- availability of good trade and routes

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15
Q

What did the Sasnids identify closely with?

A

Zoroastrianism

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16
Q

Zoroastrianism

A

Ahura Mazda was the supreme deity and the creator of all good things.
-Ahura Maza and the forces would ultimately prevail

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17
Q

What did Zarathustra believe about Ahura Mazda?

A

Ahura Mazda engaged in a cosmic conflict with an independent adversary.

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18
Q

In the 7th century A.D, what happened to the Sasnid Empire?

A

Islamic conquerors toppled the Sasanid Empire.

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19
Q

Minon Civilzation

A

-Founded on Crete was called Minoian
- Active traders
- Didn’t believe in building fortifications and believed in having peaceful people
- Women play a prominent role in Mioan society religion was matriarchal

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20
Q

Mycenaean civilization

A

-First civil mainland civilization
-Elaborate fortification and a large number of weapons showed that they were warlike.
-Each of the cities during the Mycenaean period is thought t to have been independent of each other and ruled by powerful separate kings
-The war against Troy was romanticized in Homer’s Iliad

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21
Q

The Iliad

A

The poem focuses on the Greek and Trojan War

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22
Q

The Odyssey

A

The story celebrates the hero Odysseus

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23
Q

Rise of the Panhellenic Culture

A

-Religion in Ancient Greece was very undogmatic.
-The Greeks never fought a war over religion

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24
Q

Why did the Greeks colonize after the Dark Ages?

A

To relieve population pressure

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25
Q

Greek colonization led to the spread of?

A

Greek culture, and political traditions, had a profound effect on the Roman Republic and the Empire.

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26
Q

Salary in Ancient Greece

A

Were war Captives

27
Q

The Greek, Poleis usually shared the same Characteristics ?

A

-Usually small in geographical size
-Small populations
-An acropolis- a fortified hill in which the people could defend themselves
-Public meeting place(An agora)
-The city-states were fiercely independent, and self-governing
-Frequently fought with each other

28
Q

Hoplites

A

Men who fought against each other

29
Q

Women’s role in Greece

A

(Women didn’t play a active role in politics and did not vote)

30
Q

Differences of Athenian and Spartan ways of life?

A

Athens had government by citizens ‑ Sparta had government by oligarchy

31
Q

Political Development - Sparta

A

-The Messenians comprised the bottom class of Sparta and made up most of what were referred to as Helots
-Sparta became even more militaristic and rigid after this since they were greatly outnumbered by the Messenians(Helots)

32
Q

Political Development - Athens

A

-Know that Solo canceled the debt of the poorer classes
-Solon is best remembered as having canceled the debt of the poorer classes by the aristocracy

33
Q

Rule of Pisistratus

A

Pisistratus took land away from the wealthy aristocrats and distributed it to the poor

34
Q

Rule of Cleisthenes

A

-Cleisthenes led a reform movement that established the basis of Athenian democracy
-His basic reform was the creation of a Council of 500
-The Council of 500 replaced the Areopagus in political power and became the basis for democracy in Athens

35
Q

Conflict with Persia

A

-King Darius led the first invasion of the Achaemenid Empire into the Greek mainland
-The Persians launched a second campaign against the Greek poleis in 480 B.C. under the leadership of Xerxes
-Shortly after this, the Greeks won a decisive naval victory over the Persians at Salamis, Plataea, Mycale

36
Q

The Peloponnesian War

A

The high point of Athenian democracy came under the leadership of Pericles
o thus Athens’ abuse of the Delian League was largely responsible for the Peloponnesian War
- Thus Athens and her allies would lose the Peloponnesian War to Sparta and her allies
-Thucydides is the best historian regarding the accounts of the Peloponnesian War.

37
Q

Perciles

A
  • Athenian leader-high point of Athenian democracy
    -Greek literature reaches its zenith under him.
38
Q

Socrates

A

-Was brought to trial on charges of corrupting Athenian youth and forced to drink hemlock
-Bought to trail for corrupting the Athenian youth
-An opponent of democracy
- His most famous work is the Republic in which he developed the ideal state in which he proposed that the poleis should be divided into 3 classes:

39
Q

Aristotle (ca. 384 ‑ 322 B.C.)

A

-Most famous pupil of Plato
-Opponent of democracy
-Most famous work is the Republic

39
Q

The Hellenistic Empires

A

-Alexander death introduced the Hellenistic Age
-Until the Seleucid Empire was replaced by the third Persian Empire- the Parthian Empire
-Remeber the Seleucids were always thought f as foreigners by many of the people they ruled.

40
Q

Stocism

A

the highest good, is based on knowledge; the wise live in harmony with the divine Reason

41
Q

Etuscans in Ancient Rome

A

ominated early Rome and first settled north of Rome in Tuscany

42
Q

Greeks in Anicent Rome

A

Southern Italy was called Magna Graecia( Great greece) during the roman republi and roman empire due to large colonization by greek in this region.

43
Q

Creation of Roman Repulic

A

Excutives (two officers)
The senate- Did not pass laws in the republic
Popular assemblies- of all adult male citizens

44
Q

Early Roman society

A

Patricians, about 5-7% of families, were socially and legally superior to the majority who were called Plebians

45
Q

Punic Wars

A

Rome and Carthage would win three wars over domination of the western Mediterranean known as the Punic Wars with Rome winning all three wars and destroying Carthage as a power
-The roman republic suffered its greatest defeat ever during the Punic War(second one) against hannibal at the battle of Cannae

46
Q

Decline of the Rome Republic

A

-Many small farmers lost their land because of continual warfare during the Roman Republic
-Continual warfare during the Roman Republic led to a huge influx of slaves into the republic
-Many small farmers lost their land to the latifundia which were large estates owned by the wealthy

47
Q

Julius Caesar’s Rule in Rome

A

Had himself named dictator for life

48
Q

The Roman Empire,What did Augustus do?

A

-He ended the Roman Republic and created the Roman Empire, became Rome’s first emperor
-He created the Praetorian stationed in Rome
-This group served as Rome’s police force Augustus’ bodyguard

49
Q

Empire at its Height
(in Anicent Rome)

A

Pax Romana( Roman Peace)

50
Q

Roman Roads

A

The Pax Romana facilitated economic and political integration from the first to the middle of the third century A.D.

51
Q

Urban Growth in the Roman Empire

A

-Because of the ability to obtain abundant water and the ability to remove waste through sewer systems, Roman cities expand to their greatest height during the Roman Empire – not during the Republic.
-Workers of Rome usually had flimsy and flammable apartments that lacked running water.

52
Q

Family and Society in Roman Empires

A

Infanticide was legal in the Roman Empire and was utilized more frequently in ancient Rome than it had been in ancient Greece.

53
Q

Relgion in t Roman Empires

A

Romans were very superstitious
* Stoicism, from Hellenistic Greece, was the most prominent school of moral philosophy in the Roman Empire

54
Q

Problems with Slavery in the Anicent Rome included?

A

The association of slavery with physical labor took away the dignity of physical work

55
Q

Early Chirstianity in Anicent Rome

A

-The man most responsible for clarifying and reforming early Christianity was a Jew named Saul (changed to Paul)
-He opened Christianity to the Gentiles

56
Q

How did early Christianity grow in Ancient Rome?

A

-Many converts were from lower classes in society. (most converts to early Christianity came from the lower classes in society ).
-Christianity being heavily persecuted during much of the time of the Roman Empire in the West, urban populations in the Roman Empire embraced it

57
Q

Mauryan Empire

A

-The first empire in India - the Mauryan Empire
-The high point of the Mauryan Empire was during the reign of Chandragupta’s grandson, Ashoka (268-232 B.C.)
-The war against the Kalinga represented one of the bloodiest wars of Ashoka’s reign
-Under Ashoka, agriculture expanded and trade grew
Ashoka was able to integrate the various regions of India
- thus the Mauryan Empire was highly centralized

58
Q

Emergence of Regional Kingdoms in India

A

India did not collapse into anarchy but rather regional kingdoms were established
o Local rulers formed a series of kingdoms that maintained order in large regions of the subcontinent
A large regional kingdom was Bactria in northwest India
o This kingdom was composed of Greek-speaking conquerors who were the heirs of Alexander the Great
-The most successful of these nomadic conquerors were the Kushans

59
Q

Indo-Greek Bactrians, the Kushans facilitated trade between India and lands to the north

A

The Kushans played a crucial role in the Silk Roads network by pacifying much of the region between Persia and China
The Kushans were multiethnic and very tolerant of other cultures

60
Q

Gupta Empire

A

The second major empire of India.

Even with this extensive sphere of influence, the Gupta Empire was still smaller than the Mauryan Empire had been
o The Guptas gave more autonomy to the various regions that they controlled than the Mauryans had permitted i.e., the Gupta Empire was more decentralized than the Mauryan Empire
· Under the Gupta Empire India enjoyed a “Golden Age” in which the central government promoted peace and prosperity and this prosperity contributed to a flowering in the arts and learning

61
Q

What were the exports from India

A

Cotton, aromatics, black pepper

During the Mauryan Empire, long-distance trade became increasingly by sea
o The monsoon winds proved beneficial to long-distance trade

62
Q

Agnora

A

Public meeting place

63
Q

Acropolis

A

A fort filled hill in which the people could defend themselves

World History (3 decks)

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