World History Test 2 Flashcards

Question

Greek colonization led to the spread of?

Answer 1

Greek culture, and political traditions, had a profound effect on the Roman Republic and the Empire.

Answer 2

Were war Captives

Answer 3

-Usually small in geographical size -Small populations -An acropolis- a fortified hill in which the people could defend themselves -Public meeting place(An agora) -The city-states were fiercely independent, and self-governing -Frequently fought with each other

Answer 4

Men who fought against each other

Answer 5

(Women didn't play a active role in politics and did not vote)

Answer 6

Athens had government by citizens ‑ Sparta had government by oligarchy

Answer 7

-The Messenians comprised the bottom class of Sparta and made up most of what were referred to as Helots -Sparta became even more militaristic and rigid after this since they were greatly outnumbered by the Messenians(Helots)

Answer 8

-Know that Solo canceled the debt of the poorer classes -Solon is best remembered as having canceled the debt of the poorer classes by the aristocracy

Answer 9

Pisistratus took land away from the wealthy aristocrats and distributed it to the poor

Answer 10

-Cleisthenes led a reform movement that established the basis of Athenian democracy -His basic reform was the creation of a Council of 500 -The Council of 500 replaced the Areopagus in political power and became the basis for democracy in Athens

Answer 11

-King Darius led the first invasion of the Achaemenid Empire into the Greek mainland -The Persians launched a second campaign against the Greek poleis in 480 B.C. under the leadership of Xerxes -Shortly after this, the Greeks won a decisive naval victory over the Persians at Salamis, Plataea, Mycale

Answer 12

The high point of Athenian democracy came under the leadership of Pericles o thus Athens’ abuse of the Delian League was largely responsible for the Peloponnesian War - Thus Athens and her allies would lose the Peloponnesian War to Sparta and her allies -Thucydides is the best historian regarding the accounts of the Peloponnesian War.

Answer 13

- Athenian leader-high point of Athenian democracy -Greek literature reaches its zenith under him.

Answer 14

-Was brought to trial on charges of corrupting Athenian youth and forced to drink hemlock -Bought to trail for corrupting the Athenian youth -An opponent of democracy - His most famous work is the Republic in which he developed the ideal state in which he proposed that the poleis should be divided into 3 classes:

Answer 15

-Most famous pupil of Plato -Opponent of democracy -Most famous work is the Republic

Answer 16

-Alexander death introduced the Hellenistic Age -Until the Seleucid Empire was replaced by the third Persian Empire- the Parthian Empire -Remeber the Seleucids were always thought f as foreigners by many of the people they ruled.

Answer 17

the highest good, is based on knowledge; the wise live in harmony with the divine Reason

Answer 18

ominated early Rome and first settled north of Rome in Tuscany

Answer 19

Southern Italy was called Magna Graecia( Great greece) during the roman republi and roman empire due to large colonization by greek in this region.

Answer 20

Excutives (two officers) The senate- Did not pass laws in the republic Popular assemblies- of all adult male citizens

Answer 21

Patricians, about 5-7% of families, were socially and legally superior to the majority who were called Plebians

Answer 22

Rome and Carthage would win three wars over domination of the western Mediterranean known as the Punic Wars with Rome winning all three wars and destroying Carthage as a power -The roman republic suffered its greatest defeat ever during the Punic War(second one) against hannibal at the battle of Cannae

Answer 23

-Many small farmers lost their land because of continual warfare during the Roman Republic -Continual warfare during the Roman Republic led to a huge influx of slaves into the republic -Many small farmers lost their land to the latifundia which were large estates owned by the wealthy

Answer 24

Had himself named dictator for life

Answer 25

-He ended the Roman Republic and created the Roman Empire, became Rome’s first emperor -He created the Praetorian stationed in Rome -This group served as Rome’s police force Augustus' bodyguard

Answer 26

Pax Romana( Roman Peace)

Answer 27

The Pax Romana facilitated economic and political integration from the first to the middle of the third century A.D.

Answer 28

-Because of the ability to obtain abundant water and the ability to remove waste through sewer systems, Roman cities expand to their greatest height during the Roman Empire – not during the Republic. -Workers of Rome usually had flimsy and flammable apartments that lacked running water.

Answer 29

Infanticide was legal in the Roman Empire and was utilized more frequently in ancient Rome than it had been in ancient Greece.

Answer 30

Romans were very superstitious * Stoicism, from Hellenistic Greece, was the most prominent school of moral philosophy in the Roman Empire

Answer 31

The association of slavery with physical labor took away the dignity of physical work

Answer 32

-The man most responsible for clarifying and reforming early Christianity was a Jew named Saul (changed to Paul) -He opened Christianity to the Gentiles

Answer 33

-Many converts were from lower classes in society. (most converts to early Christianity came from the lower classes in society ). -Christianity being heavily persecuted during much of the time of the Roman Empire in the West, urban populations in the Roman Empire embraced it

Answer 34

-The first empire in India - the Mauryan Empire -The high point of the Mauryan Empire was during the reign of Chandragupta’s grandson, Ashoka (268-232 B.C.) -The war against the Kalinga represented one of the bloodiest wars of Ashoka’s reign -Under Ashoka, agriculture expanded and trade grew Ashoka was able to integrate the various regions of India - thus the Mauryan Empire was highly centralized

Answer 35

India did not collapse into anarchy but rather regional kingdoms were established o Local rulers formed a series of kingdoms that maintained order in large regions of the subcontinent A large regional kingdom was Bactria in northwest India o This kingdom was composed of Greek-speaking conquerors who were the heirs of Alexander the Great -The most successful of these nomadic conquerors were the Kushans

Answer 36

The Kushans played a crucial role in the Silk Roads network by pacifying much of the region between Persia and China The Kushans were multiethnic and very tolerant of other cultures

Answer 37

The second major empire of India. Even with this extensive sphere of influence, the Gupta Empire was still smaller than the Mauryan Empire had been o The Guptas gave more autonomy to the various regions that they controlled than the Mauryans had permitted i.e., the Gupta Empire was more decentralized than the Mauryan Empire · Under the Gupta Empire India enjoyed a “Golden Age” in which the central government promoted peace and prosperity and this prosperity contributed to a flowering in the arts and learning

Answer 38

Cotton, aromatics, black pepper During the Mauryan Empire, long-distance trade became increasingly by sea o The monsoon winds proved beneficial to long-distance trade

Answer 39

Public meeting place

Answer 40

A fort filled hill in which the people could defend themselves