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Final2 Vocab > World History Terms > Flashcards

World History Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Gunpowder empire

A

Formed by outside conquers who unify regions through superiority in weapons ( Ottoman Empire )

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2
Q

Sultan

A

“Holder of power”; military and political head of state under Seljuk Turks and ottomans

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3
Q

Shah

A

King used in Persia and Iran

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4
Q

Daimyo

A

Heads of noble families in japan. Controlled lots of land estates and relied on the samurai for protection

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5
Q

Janissary

A

Soldiers in elite guard of the ottoman Turks. Served the ottoman leader, the sultan. Usually Christians converted to Islam

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6
Q

Isolationalist

A

A policy of national isolation by abstention from alliances and other international political and economic relations (Korea)

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7
Q

Bureaucracy

A

Administrative organization that relies on non elected officials and regular officials

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8
Q

Philosophe

A

French for philosopher. Applied to all intellectuals during the enlightenment

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9
Q

Separation of power

A

From of govt in which the executive, judicial, and legislative branches limit and control each other through checks and balances.
used in England and came up by French noble Montesquieu

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10
Q

Social contract

A

The concept that an entire society agrees to be governed by its general will and all individuals should be forced to abide by it since it represents what is best for the entire community
Created by Rousseau

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11
Q

Laissez-faire

A

Concept that the state shouldn’t impose government regulations but leave the economy alone
Means to let people do what they want
Made by Adam smith

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12
Q

Enlightened absolutism

A

A system in which rulers tried to govern by enlightened principles while maintaining their full royal powers

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13
Q

Federal system

A

Form of govt in which power is shared between the national and state government
US constitution

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14
Q

Estate

A

One of the 3 classes into which the French society was divided before the revolution: the clergy(1st estate), the nobles (2nd estate) and townspeople (3rd estate)

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15
Q

Clergy

A

First estate
Cardinals, bishops, head of monasteries, and parish priests
130000 people

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16
Q

Nobility

A

2nd estate
350000
Lead positions in govt, mil, law courts, and Roman Catholic Church
Didn’t have to pay tax

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17
Q

Peasants

A

3rd estate
80% of it
Had pay nobles to use flour mill or wine press
Have harvest nobles crops certain amount of days

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18
Q

Bourgeoise

A 
3rd estate
Middle class
Merchants, industrialists, and professional people
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19
Q

Declaration of the rights of man

A

Made by National Assembly, based on English Bill of right and the Declaration of Independence and constitution
All men free and equal in law, no inherited offices, all people pay tax, freedom of speech and press

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20
Q

Catholic Church

A

Big influence on old French govt and enemies of the revolution; bishops and priests now elected instead of picked and state pay their salaries

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21
Q

Limited monarchy

A

Still a king but something else makes the laws
In France legislative assembly make laws
Assemble has 745 elected representatives

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22
Q

Dictatorship

A

1 person in charge of everything

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23
Q

Presidency

A

Elected official in charge but doesn’t have all the power

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24
Q

Radicals

A

Political group associated with views, practices, and policies of extreme change

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25
Q

Reactionaries

A

Conservatives that oppose social and political change

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26
Q

Reign of Terror

A

Committee of Public Saftey ( lead by Robespierre) killed 40000 people who were thought to be a danger or traitor to France. People usually killed by guillotine or were shot

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27
Q

Consulate

A

Government established in France after the overthrow of the Directory in 1799, with Napoleon as first consul in control of the entire government

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28
Q

Napoleonic Code

A

300 legal systems made into 7 codes
Had equality of citizens in front of law, right to choose jobs, religious toleration, no serfdom. Women take step back and now have no property and no role in public

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29
Q

French empire

A

Inner core of grand empire. France to Rhine river and including n Italy. Napoleon took over Spain, holland, Italy, Swiss republic, Warsaw, and confederation of Rhine ( all German states except Austria and Prussia )

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30
Q

Liberalism

A

Political philosophy originally based
On enlightenment principles,
People be as free as possible from govt restraint on civil liberties- basic rights of people be protected

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31
Q

Constitution

A

Basic principles and laws of a nation, state, or social group the determine the powers and duties of the government and guarantee certain rights to the people

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32
Q

Congress of Vienna

A

Gb, Austria, Prussia, and Russia meet and exile Napoleon to st Helena. They put French nobility back in power and put in checks and balances

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33
Q

Balance of power

A

Keep any 1 country from dominating Europe. Balanced political and military forces
Ex: Russia gained more land so new territories given to Austria and Prussia

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34
Q

Great Britain in the industrial revolution

A

Where industrial revolution first began. Food more plentiful and cheaper so population grows. Has lots resources and easily transport goods. Cotton production increased because of spinning jenny, water powered loom,
And steam power. Iron industry and railroads made

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35
Q

Coal production

A

Used to power stream engines and started off iron industry

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36
Q

Capital

A

Money available for investment. Like in gb in industrial rev

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37
Q

Corporations

A

Business organization that has a separate legal entity with all the rights and responsibilities of an individual, including the right to buys and sell property, enter legal contract, and sue
Like cotton factories

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38
Q

Monopolies

A

When a country or corporation has complete control of an area, like the iron industry and Great Britain

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39
Q

Migration

A

The movement of people from one place to another. Like people from farms moving to cities to work in the factories

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40
Q

Urbanization

A

When something becomes more urban or city like. In industrial revolution

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41
Q

Rural

A

Country area

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42
Q

Factory

A

Building to manufacture lots of the same goods quickly ( in industrial rev)

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43
Q

Raw materials

A

Materials like coal, iron, and coal that can be processed into a finished product

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44
Q

Markets

A

Where things are bought and sold

Great Britain had lots market to sell finished products throughout colonial empire

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45
Q

Mechanization

A

More machines developed in industrial rev to help make work easier and more efficient

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46
Q

Universal male suffrage

A

Right of all males to vote. In second French rev to set up provisional govt

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47
Q

Multinational empire

A

Empire in which people of many nationalities live

Like Austrian empire

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48
Q

Militarism

A

The reliance on military strength, like Prussia

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49
Q

Kaiser

A

German for Caesar. The title of the emperors of the second German empire
William I of Prussia

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50
Q

Cash crop

A

Crop grown for sale instead of personal use

helped grow economy and increase exports

51
Q

Individuality

A

Total character that distinguishes an individual from others

In romantic times men would grow beards and men and women would wear crazy clothes

52
Q

Assembly line

A

Make by Henry ford. Manufacturing method that allowed more efficient mass production of goods

53
Q

Mass production

A

Production of goods in quantity usually by machinery

54
Q

Proletariat

A

The working class who is oppressed by the middle class in Marx theories

55
Q

Capitalist

A

Believes in capitalism. People independently invest in things without as much govt control

56
Q

Market economy

A

Economic system where people buy and sell based on demand

57
Q

Communism

A

Where the whole state holds all the property. Nothing is yours

58
Q

Trade unions

A

Workers organized them to improve working conditions by striking

59
Q

Sufferage

A

Women believed need suffrage or right to vote

60
Q

Social Darwinism

A

Theory used by western nations to justify their dominance. Based on Darwin’s theory of survival of the fittest
Also used to justify racism

61
Q

Dictatorship

A

I person in charge of everything

Countries took over colonies and set up little dictatorships

62
Q

Protectorate

A

A political unit that depends on another government for its protection
Like Vietnam under the French

63
Q

Assimilation

A

Colonies being absorbed into the larger countries

64
Q

Indirect rule

A

A colonial government in which local rulers are allowed to maintain their positions of authority and status
Dutch east India company on Dutch East Indies
France and s Vietnam

65
Q

Direct rule

A

Colonial govt in which local elites were removed from power and replaced by a new set of officials brought from the colonizing country
Gb in Burma
France in n Vietnam

66
Q

The Boer Republics

A

Made up of Afrikaners ( descendants of Dutch settlers) went to make orange free state and Transvaal (south African republic) only like white people and in constant battle with native Zulu people

67
Q

Dollar diplomacy

A

Diplomacy that seeks to strengthen the power of a country or effect it’s purposes in foreign relations by the use of its financial resources
US do to Latin America

68
Q

Extraterritoriality

A

Living in a section of a country set aside for foreigners but not subject to the host country’s laws
Europeans living in china

69
Q

Spheres of influence

A

Areas in which foreign powers have been granted exclusive rights and privileges, such as trading right hand mining privileges
Europeans in China

70
Q

Open door policy

A

Proposed by US Secretary of State john hay in 1899, stated all powers with sphers of influence in china would respect equal trade opportunities in china and not set tariffs, giving an unfair advantage to the citizens of their own country

71
Q

Archduke of Ferdinand

A

Heir to the Austria-Hungary throne. He was murdered in Bosnia by princip
Lead to start of ww1 when Austria declare war on Serbia. Germany back Austria and Russia back Serbia

72
Q

Mobilization

A

The process of assembling troops and supplies and making them ready for war
Russia mobilize against Austria

73
Q

Propaganda

A

Ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause

74
Q

Trench warfare

A

Fighting from ditches protected by barbed wire like in WW1

The western front

75
Q

War of attrition

A

War based on wearing down the other side with constant attacks and heavy losses like in WW1

76
Q

Total war

A

War that involved the complete mobilization of resources and people, affecting the lives of all citizens in the warring countries, even those remote from the battle field
WW1

77
Q

Lenin

A

Leader of the Bolsheviks and led revolution with help of soldiers, workers, and peasants. Lenin had all real power but let congress of soviet seem like they do

78
Q

Bolsheviks

A

Small Marxist party originally called the Russian social democrats

79
Q

Soviet

A

Russian councils composed of representatives from the workers and soldiers

80
Q

War communism

A

WW1 Russia government control banks and most industries. Took grains from peasants and centralized state administration under communist control

81
Q

Armistice

A

A truce of agreement to end fighting. Signed by Germany

82
Q

Woodrow Wilson

A

Potus of the US. Made 14 Pt for peace agreements

83
Q

14 Points

A

Said no more secret diplomacy, reducing military, people have own nations, make democratic govt,

84
Q

Mandate

A

Territory temporarily governed by another country on behalf of the League of Nations
France take Syria
Britain take Iraq and Palestine

85
Q

The Great Depression

A

Low economic activity and rising unemployment, but worldwide

86
Q

Collective bargaining

A

The right to negotiate with employers over wages and hours

New deals in France and US

87
Q

Deficit spending

A

When a govt pays out more money than it takes through taxation and other revenues, thus going into debt
Used by Keynes is gb to make jobs even if go in debt

88
Q

Facism

A

Philosophy that glorifies the state over the individual. Needs strong govt control lead by dictator
Italy

89
Q

Mussolini

A

Leader of fascist Italy

90
Q

Totalitarian state

A

Govt wants control over political, economic, social, intellectual, and cultural control over citizens
Italy, Germany, Soviet Union

91
Q

Joseph Stalin

A

Politburo member who took over Russia. Became dictator and made 5 yr plan to make Russia industrial

92
Q

Nazism

A

National socialist German’s workers party

93
Q

Hitler

A

Leader of nazi and became dictator of Germany

94
Q

Concentration camps

A

Camps where prisoners of war, political prisoners, or members of a minority group are confined, typically under harsh conditions

95
Q

Aryan

A

People speaking Indo-European languages; nazi use as racial designation and identify Aryans with ancient Greeks and Romans and 20th century Germans and Scandinavians

96
Q

Genocide

A

Deliberate mass murder or physical extinction of a particular racial, political, or cultural group
Armenian genocide

97
Q

Ethnic cleansing

A

Policy of killing or forcibly removing an ethnic group from its lands; used by the Serbs against the Muslim minority in Bosnia

98
Q

Nationalism

A

Arabs have strong nationalism

99
Q

Pan africanism

A

Unify all Africans regardless of nation

Lead by Garvey a Jamaican intellectual

100
Q

Civil disobedience

A

Refusal to obey laws that are considered unjust

Gandhi’s tactics

101
Q

Gandhi

A

Indian leader who tries to get independence through non violence

102
Q

Mao Zedong

A

Chinese communist leader
Want revolution lead by peasants
He and People’s Liberation Army take long march

103
Q

Appeasement

A

Satisfying reasonable demands of dissatisfied powers in an effort to maintain peace and stability
Great Britain did not respond with force when Germany take Rhineland

104
Q

Sanctions

A

Restrictions intended to enforce international law

Japan attack china and US tell to stop because it’ll stop selling japan oil and iron

105
Q

axis powers

A

Germany, Italy, Austria

106
Q

Allied powers

A

Uk, US, France, Russia

107
Q

Blitzkrieg

A

German for lightning war; a swift sudden military attack; used by Germans in WW2

108
Q

Isolationalism

A

Policy of national isolation by abstention from alliances and other international political and economic relations
US refuse take pt in WW2

109
Q

Neutrality

A

Refusal to take sides or become involved in wars between other nations
US refuse take pt in European wars after WW1

110
Q

Kamikaze

A

Japanese for divine wind; suicide mission in which young Japanese pilots intentionally flew their airplanes into US fighting ships as sea

111
Q

The blitz

A

British term for the German air raids on British cities and towns during world war 2

112
Q

Genocide

A

The deliberate mass murder or physical extinction of a particular racial, political, or cultural group
Germany and the Jews

113
Q

Collaborator

A

A person who assists the enemy

People who helped the nazi hunt down the jews

114
Q

Policy of containment

A

Plan to keep something such as communism within it’s existing geographical boundaries and prevent further aggressive moves
Us contain Soviet Union

115
Q

Arms race

A

Building up armies and stores of weapons of keep up with the enemy
Us and Soviet Union with making nuclear weapons

116
Q

Deterrent

A

During Cold War, us and soviet policies of holding huge supplies of nuclear weapons to prevent war, each nation believed that neither would launch a nuclear attack since both sided knew that the other side could strike back with devastating power

117
Q

Commune

A

In china during 1950s, a group of collective farms, which contained more than 30,000 people who lived and worked together
Under Mao great leap program

118
Q

Proxy war

A

A war in which the powers in conflict use third parties as subs instead of fighting each other directly
Us and Soviet Union fight within Korea, Vietnam, and Cuba

119
Q

Domino theory

A

Idea that if one country falls to communism, neighboring countries will also fall
Why us help south Vietnam

120
Q

Discrimination

A

Prejudicial treatment usually based on race, religion, class, sex, or age
Women treatment in s and se Asia

121
Q

Pan-Arabism

A

Arab unity, regardless of national boundaries
Lead by Nasser, Syria and Egypt join to make united Arab republic
Other Arabs suspicious

122
Q

Apartheid

A

Apartness, the system of racial segregation in South Africa from the 1950s until 1991
Afrikaners make laws to separate whites and blacks

123
Q

Trade embargo

A

A policy prohibiting trade with a particular country

Us do to Cuba

124
Q

Cartels

A

Groups of drug business

Cocaine grew in Columbia

Final2 Vocab (4 decks)

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