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History > World history semester 1 final > Flashcards

World history semester 1 final Flashcards

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1
Q

1st monotheistic religion; started by the Hebrews; uses Ten Commandments and the Torah; connected to Christianity and Islam

A

Judaism

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2
Q

One of the greatest accomplishments of Alexander the Great; blending of Greek, Egyptian, Persian and Indian cultures

A

Hellenism

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3
Q

Used Mandate of Heaven and an examination system based on Confucianism; Silk Road

A

Han Dynasty

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4
Q

Empire that ruled India’s “golden age” – achievements in mathematics like pi, zero, numerals

A

Gupta Dynasty

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5
Q

Oldest world religion; Began in river valley India; Based in reincarnation and the strict caste system

A

Hinduism

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6
Q

System of government where all citizens make decisions by voting; 1st practiced in Athens, Greece

A

Democracy

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7
Q

Belief system based on the teachings of Jesus; follow Ten Commandments and the Bible

A

christianity

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8
Q

A Chinese philosophy that emphasizes proper social relationships, filial piety and respect

A

Confucianism

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9
Q

His assassination by the Roman Senate led to a civil war that led to the fall of the Roman Republic

A

Julius ceasar

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10
Q

The world’s 1st civilization; Hammurabi’s Code; Cuneiform writing influenced the Phoenician alphabet

A

Mesopotamia

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11
Q

System of government in which citizens elect representatives (Senators) who make laws for people

A

roman republic

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11
Q

Includes their legal system, arches, domes, engineering, republic, Latin language, Christianity

A

roman achievments

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12
Q

Founded by Siddhartha Gautama; based on Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path to reach nirvana

A

buddhism

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13
Q

System of government in which one single ruler, like Augustus, governs the people

A

empire

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14
Q

Caused by internal weakness (political issues, inflation, bad leaders) and invasion by Germanic tribes

A

Fall of the roman empire

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15
Q

One of the 1st empires; used the Royal Road and coins; Were tolerant; Practiced Zoroastrianism

A

persia

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16
Q

This term means civilizations (like Greece, Rome, Han, Gupta) that developed ideas that are still used today

A

classical

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17
Q

Important transition from hunting and gathering to farming; led to the development of civilizations

A

Neolithic Revolution

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18
Q

A 207 year period of peace and prosperity when Rome achieved its greatest height; Started under Emperor Augustus

A

Pax Romana

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19
Q

Includes geometry (Euclid & Pythagoras), drama, columns, theater, philosophy (Socrates, Plato & Aristotle), democracy

A

Greek achievements

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20
Q

City-states like Athens and Sparta; Developed because the mountainous geography of Greece made unity difficult

A

Greek polis

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21
Q

Civilization that had an advanced calendar, hieroglyphics, pharaohs and pyramids along the Nile river

A

egypt

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22
Q

Included magnetic compass, smallpox inoculation, mechanical clock, gunpowder, printing press

A

Chinese achievements

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23
Q

Merchant who traveled from Italy to China and wrote his story; served in Kublai Khan’s court

A

Marco Polo

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24
Q

1st leader of the Mongol Empire and his grandson; ruthless in battle but tolerant as rulers

A

Genghis and kublai Khan

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24
Q

Guidelines for Muslims; includes profession of faith, prayer five times a day, almsgiving, hajj and fasting during Ramadan

A

Five Pillars of Islam

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25
Q

Group that migrated through Africa spreading their farming techniques, language and religion

A

Bantu

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26
Q

Means “cube” in Arabic; It is a holy shrine in Mecca and the focus of the Muslim pilgrims on the Hajj

A

Ka’aba

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27
Q

A disagreement over who should lead led to this split within Islam

A

Sunni/Shia Split

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28
Q

Civilization in the Andes Mountains that tightly controlled their empire, had quipu, built roads and bridges, and were polytheistic but emphasized the Sun god

A

Inca

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29
Q

Blending of Arabic and Bantu languages created this language

A

Swahili

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30
Q

Period of peace and prosperity that included trade between Europe and Asia

A

Pax Mongolica

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31
Q

The transfer of ideas, culture and religion; usually happens as a result of trade or conquering

A

Cultural diffusion

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32
Q

Civilization that developed an accurate calendar, built pyramids, had city-states and glyphs

A

Mayans

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32
Q

Holy book of Islam

A

Qur’an

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33
Q

Connection of Jews and Christians to Muslims; refers to the common beliefs, ideas and prophets of all three religions share

A

“people of the book”

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34
Q

Title given to one of Muhammad’s successors; leaders of the Islamic Empire

A

Caliph

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35
Q

Included algebra, chemistry, medicine (Ibn Sina), geography (Ibn Battuta), calligraphy and art

A

Islamic Achievements

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36
Q

Civilization centered around Lake Texcoco, built chinampas and practiced human sacrifices

A

Aztecs

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37
Q

Exchange of gold and salt between Muslim Arabs in North Africa and West Africans

A

Trans-Saharan trade

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38
Q

Originally nomadic group of people that were able to take over Russia, the Islamic Empire, China and the central Asian steppe

A

Mongols

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39
Q

West African kingdoms that gained wealth from the gold-salt trade; leaders include Sundiata and Mansa Musa(who made the hajj to Mecca); center of learning at Timbuktu

A

Ghana, Mali, and songhai

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40
Q

Sailor that led the “treasure fleet” of junks across the Indian Ocean to Africa, Arabia and India

A

Sheng He

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41
Q

“Mother” civilization of Mesoamerica; created large head statues

A

Olmecs

42
Q

A corrupt practice of the Catholic Church that helped lead to the Protestant Reformation

A

Indulgences

43
Q

A medieval economic system; Peasants farmed the land for noble lords

A

Manorial System

43
Q

A Renaissance ideal that focused on individual achievement and a belief in human potential

A

Classicism

44
Q

A medieval political system; Noble lords offered protection by using castles and loyal knights

A

Feudalism

45
Q

A Renaissance ideal that valued Greco-Roman ideas and styles

A

Humanism

45
Q

An 800-year era during which Western Europe lacked trade, learning, cultural diffusion

A

Middle ages

45
Q

Artist, inventor, scientist was a “Renaissance Man”; Painted Mona Lisa and the Last Supper

A

Leonardo da vinci

46
Q

Author of The Prince which gave advice to kings such as “be feared, not loved”

A

Machiavelli

47
Q

Believed in justification by faith; Wrote the Ninety-Five Theses; He was the first “protestant”

A

Martin luther

47
Q

Influenced by Slavs, Vikings, and Byzantine Empire; Led by a “czar”; Used the Cyrillic alphabet

A

Russia

48
Q

Invented the moveable-type printing press; His invention lowered price of books and led to a rise in literacy throughout Europe during the Renaissance

A

Johannes gutenberg

49
Q

Meetings during the Counter-Reformation during which the Catholic Church ended indulgences but affirmed salvation through good works; Formed the Jesuits led by Ignatius of Loyola

A

Council of Trent

50
Q

Painter and sculptor known for realism; Sculpted David and painted the Sistine Chapel

A

Michelangelo

50
Q

One of the few powerful kings during the Middle Ages; King of the Franks; Spread Christianity

A

Charlemagne

51
Q

Protestant reformer who believed in predestination; Believed in a government led by the “elect” who ruled through a theocracy

A

John Calvin

51
Q

Protestant reformer who broke from the Catholic Church and formed the Anglican Church

A

Henry VIII

52
Q

The official religion of the Byzantine Empire after the Great Schism; Led by the Byzantine Emperor and the patriarch; Did not accept use of icons

A

Orthodox Christianity

53
Q

The written laws that provided order in the Byzantine Empire; Created from Roman laws

A

The justinian code

53
Q

The official religion of Western Europe in the Middle Ages; Led by the Pope

A

roman catholicism

54
Q

Wealthy trade city that served as the capital of the Byzantine Empire; The city preserved Greco-Roman ideas; Location of the Hagia Sophia cathedral

A

Constantinople

54
Q

Weakened the power of feudal lords; Encouraged trade and helped lead to the Renaissance

A

Crusades and the black death

55
Q

Wealthy trade city where the Renaissance began; Home of the Medici family of bankers

A

Florence

55
Q

The journey to the Americas that was the middle point(leg) of the triangular trade route.

A

Middle passage

56
Q

Began in Mecca and conquered Arabia, North Africa, Persia; Led by caliphs; Developed chemistry and algebra

A

Islamic Empire

56
Q

An 800 year era in Western Europe after the fall of Rome; Feudalism; Manorial system

A

Middle ages

57
Q

Created a navigation school in Portugal; Portuguese explorers led to Age of Exploration

A

Prince Henry

57
Q

Criticisms of the Catholic Church led to new Christian religions under Luther, Calvin, Henry VIII

A

Protestant Reformation

58
Q

Devil’s horsemen; Largest land empire in history; Protected the Silk Road; Tolerant rulers

A

Mongols

58
Q

Created gunpowder, magnetic compass, paper money; moveable-type printing; Began to actively trade with foreigners

A

Tang and Song Dynasties

59
Q

Economic theory that encouraged European nations to create colonies; The idea was that the mother country in Europe should use colonies to create a favorable balance of trade

A

Mercantilism

60
Q

Trade moving across the Atlantic Ocean

A

Triangular trade

61
Q

Greece, Rome, Han China, Gupta India

A

Classical Civilizations

61
Q

Introduction of European goods and ideas (horses, grains, diseases) to America and the introduction of New World goods (potatoes, corn, tobacco) to Europe

A

Columbian Exchange

62
Q

Mayans had an accurate calendar and glyphic writing; Aztecs had chinampas and sacrifices

A

Mesoamerican Societies

63
Q

Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, China

A

River Valley Civilizations

64
Q

Navigation device and new ship design that provided the technology to allow exploration

A

Astrolabe and Caravel

65
Q

Portuguese explorer who first traveled around Africa to find a new route to Asia

A

Vasco daGama

65
Q

Rebirth of learning, trade, trade; Perspective, realism in art; Secular topics in literature

A

Renaissance

66
Q

Scientists who used logic and reason to develop new understandings of gravity and solar system

A

Newton, Copernicus, Galileo

67
Q

The first document to limit the power of the English monarch; Led to the creation of Parliament

A

Magna carta

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69
Q

Trade route that brought slaves from West Africa to the American colonies

A

Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

69
Q

The first explorer to lead an expedition to circumnavigate the world

A

Ferdinand Magellan

69
Q

The Justinian Code; Eastern Orthodox Church

A

Byzantine empire

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History (3 decks)

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