World History Midterm Flashcards
Oldest literary work outside of the Bible
Epic of Gilgamesh
Who discovered the tomb of King Tutankhamen in 1922?
Howard Carter
Who invented the first postal system?
Persian Government
What Pharaoh united upper and lower egypt?
Menes (Narmar)
Merchants of Mediterranean - who were they and what were some of their trade goods
Valuable natural resources: Purple dye and fir trees
Phoenicians - traded spices, linen, wheat, horses, ivory, gold, precious stones, and tin
Define Theocracy
Governed directly by God
What is significant about Giza?
Where the great pyramid of Cheops is located
Define Polytheistic
worship of many gods
earliest known form of writing
Clay tablet; Wedge-shaped stylus
Education Edubbas (tablet house)
Cuneiform
Who established the first known empire?
Akkad was its capital
Ur rose to prominence
Sargon I
Who was the first great woman ruler?
Hatshepsut
“life blood” of Egypt
Nile River
Define Zoroastrianism
good and evil are 2 opposing forces and the world is their battleground
-Avesta is their sacred writings
Define Hieroglyhics
picture writing system of 700 characters
Who wrote the Iliad?
Homer
Who was the “King” of the Greek gods?
Zeus
Who was the Greek god of the sea?
Poseidon
Who was the Father of Philosophy (Greek)?
Thales
Define Delian League
Alliance formed to protect themselves (Athenians) from further attacs by the Persians during the Persian War
Who determined the circumference of the globe with amazing accuracy?
Eratosthenes
Who came up with the oath that is still used by doctors today?
Hippocrates (Hippocratic oath)
Which Persian king burned Athens?
Xerxes
What was the pass where Leonidas held off the Persians with 300 Spartans?
Thermopylae
Where did the Athenians defeat the Persians?
Battle of Marathon
Who was accused of rejecting the gods of Athens?
Socrates
Who was defeated at the Battle of Actium and assumed power over Octavian?
Marc Antony
Who was Caesar’s heir? (formerly known as Augustus)
Octavian
What river did Julius Caesar cross when moving against Pompey?
Rubicon
Who raised the very first army loyal to himself?
Marius
Who became the dictator and fought against Marius? (Roman)
Sulla
Who were the seafaring people from Asia Minor, settled north of the Tiber?
Earliest rulers of Rome
Etruscans
Define Consul
Replaced the king and held the imperium
Define Fasces
A bundle of rods which enclosed an axe. Used to symbolise power.
Who were the two mythical founders of Rome?
Romulus & Remus
Which mythical brother killed his sibling?
Romulus killed Remus
Who was the leader of the Carthaginians?
Hannibal
Who urged for Carthage’s destruction?
Cato
What is the name of the river on which Rome is situated?
Tiber
Who was the (Roman) emperor when Christ was crucified? (AD 14-37)
Tiberius
Who championed the cause for the poor (in Rome)?
Tiberius Gracchus
What is the Roman province where Jesus was born?
Judea
What was the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire?
Constantinople (named for emperor Constantine)
What was the period of peace and prosperity from 31 BC to AD 180 called?
Pax Romana
Define Monasticism
withdrawing from society to live in monasteries. Practiced strict discipline and religious exercise
Which Roman Emperor made Christianity legal?
Constantine
Who was the greatest Roman poet? (wrote the Aeneid)
Virgil
Which Roman emperor most severely persecuted the Christians?
Diocletian
Which emperor began the first wave of persecution against the Christians?
Nero
Define Synagogue
A jewish place of worship
Define Catacombs
Subterranean galleries underneath Rome (housing the dead Christians)
Which emperor’s name meant “The First Citizen” of Rome?
Caesar’s successor
Augustus (later referred to Octavian)
Who wrote the emperor’s biographies entitled “The Twelve Caesars”?
Suetonius
What Russian city rose to power during the Mongol empire and later became the capital?
Moscow
Who brought us fireworks (Asian culture)?
China
Which dynasty was founded by Shih Huang Ti?
Qin (Chin) Dynasty
Which dynasty contributed bronze work, marble carvings, and developed an early form of writing?
Shang Dynasty
Who was the first Mongol Emperor
Genghis Khan
Who’s name means First Emperor and united China under one strong centralised government, constructed the Great Wall and left behind the Terra Cotta Soldiers to guard his tomb?
Shih Huang Ti
Define Shintoism
Religion involves the worship of ancestors, nature, and the emperor
Native to Japan
Define Hinduism
Native to India No human founder Worshipped many gods Emphasis on outward religious rituals Goal of reuniting with the world soul Believed that human life is a cycle of rebirths
What was the language of East Africa?
Swahili
Who was the first emperor of Japan?
Jimmu Tenno
Who led the Taika Reform in Japan?
Prince Shotoku
What is significant about the Yangtze River?
Early Chinese people lived along the valley of the Huang Ho and Yangtze River
Define Bushido
An unwritten Japanese military code
Who found the city of Troy?
Heinrich Schliemann
Who is Herodotus?
An ancient Greek historian (spoke a lot about Nebachudnezzar)
Define Peloponnesian League
League designed to thwart the advance of the democratic principles fostered by the Athenians.
Define Doric
The Greek style with solid, strong, masculine looking features
Define Septuagint
The Greek Translation of the Hebrew Old Testament
Where did Caesar’s military campaign’s lead him?
Through Gaul (modern day France)
Who was Justinian’s strong willed wife?
Theodora
Define Hagia Sophia
“Holy Wisdom”
Built by Justinian
Said to be the finest example of Byzantine architecture
Where was Muhammad born?
Mecca (every Muslim must make a pilgrimage there in their lifetime)
Where did Muhammad flee to?
Medina
Who is the father of the Arab people?
Ishmael
Who is the father of the Hebrew people?
Isaac
Define Castes
Rigid social groups
Define Reincarnation
A cycle of rebirths where soul passes through many states before it escapes the physical world and unites with Brahman
The first Indian civilisation settled on what river?
Indus
Define Transubstantiation
The Catholic belief that in communion the wine and bread turn into the true body and blood of Jesus Christ
Define Extreme Unction
sometimes called the last rites, gives an anointing or blessing to a seriously ill or dying person
Define Manor
Centre of medieval society, a self-contained farming community controlled by a lord and farmed by peasants.
Define Fief
Land grants given by the King to his allies
Define Sacrament
a religious ceremony or act that is regarded as an outward sign of inward spiritual and divine grace
Define Chivaly
Comes fro the French word for horseman
Knight’s code: brave in battle, skillful with his weapons, honest, generous, and loyal to his lord.
Define Feudialism
Form of government prevalent in western Europe from the ninth to the thirteenth centuries.
Who is the best representative of the medieval popes? Regarded as the first true pope
Gregory I (name means “The Great”)
Who was not only the greatest Carolingian king but also one of the outstanding figures of the Middle Ages?
Charlemagne
Who was best remembered of all the mayors of the medieval palace? Won his fame by stopping the advance of Muslims into Europe
Charles Martel (son of Pepin II)
Define Heraldry
The system by which coats of arms and other armourial bearings are devised, described, and regulated
Define Joust
A competition between two knights on horseback who charged at each other, carrying lances with which each tried to unseat his opponent.
Define Castle
The centre of life for nobilty. Not only the lord’s home but also the local jail, treasury, armory, the court, and the seat of government.
Define Knight
Medieval warriors who protected life and property and lived by the “code of chivalry”
Define Relic
An object associated with a saint, such as a piece of clothing or even a part of the saint himself, such as a bone or a lock of hair.
Who were the most powerful Germanic people in the early Middle Age?
Franks; kingdom ruled by the Merovingian House and the Carolingian House
Define Vikings
Germanic tribes from Scandinavia that were explorers and warriors; the most feared invaders of their day
Define Peace of God
Decree placed in attempt to put limitations on feudal warfare
What was the early commercial centre of Greece?
Mycenae
