World History Midterm Flashcards
absolutism
the acceptance of or belief in absolute principles
divine right
the idea that kings get their right to rule from God
enlightenment
spiritual insight that frees a person from the cycle of rebirth
montesquieu
created the 3 branches of government/the idea of it
glorious revolution
invasion, aka the glorious crossing by the dutch
english bill of rights
the english constitution of laws- basic laws of england
john locke
created the idea of the three natural laws- life, liberty, and property
rousseau
reconcived the social contract
magna carta (1215)
first document that said the king isn’t above the constitution
results of enlightenment
inventions, scientific revolutions, and helped inspire the american and french revolution
charles ll of england
restoration period (ruled during this time)
restoration
return of heredity monarch to the throne
constitutional monarchy
a system of government in which the kings power is limited
english civil war
a series of civil wars between the parliamentarians and royalist
1st/2nd/3rd estate
first: clergy second: nobility third: commoners
napoleonic code
made men have more authority over their families
declaration of the rights of men and citizen
defined the individual rights at the time of the french revolution
ancien regime
a political or social system that was overthrown during the french revolution
bourgeoisie
middle class
continental system
blockade created by napoleon to stop great britian
estates general
representatives of the 3 estates
industrialization and britian
britian became more manufactured
textile industry
industry that made fabrics and cloths
agricultural revolution
unprecedented increase in agricultural production in britian
james watt
known for his improvements with the steam engine
enclosure movement
sealed off lands so they had private farms
triangular trade- transatlantic slave trade
trade between europe, africa, and the americas
otto von bismark
built a powerful and well equipped military, and was a prime minister/chancellor
imperialism
domination of one country in another region or country
motivation for imperialism
exploration, economic expansion, and increase in political power
discovery of gold/diamonds
it made people go to india for them
sepoy mutiny
a bloody battle against the britian rule in india (sepoys vs britian)
menelik ll of ethiopia
leader who used weapons to fight off indians
purpose of african imperialism
economic, political, and social purposes
role of nationalism in imperialism
pushed the governments of Britain, France, Germany, and other European powers to compete, first in Europe and then around the world
sphere of influence
imperialism but where another country has investment rights in another country or region
meiji restoration
a time when the emperor regained control in japan and germany and began modernizing
india- “jewel of the crown”
because india had cotton, gold and diamonds
social darwinism
racial superiority
suez canal- importance to britian
it connected britian to the red sea and the mediterranean sea
berlin confrence
a meeting held to discuss the rules of dividing africa
monroe doctrine
when americas decided to close off their colonization
opium wars
war over opium… britian gained hong kong
treaty of nanking (nanjing)
it ended the opium wars
king leopold ll
king of belgium…. took over the congo
triple alliance/central powers
germany, austria-hungary, and italy
triple entente/allied powers
france, russia, and britian
militarism
when their is importance in the military
zimmerman note
a secret note issued by Germany.. their plan to quickly win ww1
causes of ww1
mania: military, allies, imperialism, nationalism, and advancements
treaty of brest-litovsk
a treaty that let russia out of the war
bolsheviks
swept to power and immediately sought to have peace with germany
first battle of the marne
the very first battle of ww1
schlieffen plan
frances plan to invade germany
propaganda
employed on a global scale
total war
involved a lot of people, more than ever seen before
neutrality
not being in favor of either side
purpose of the treaty of versailles
to make peace with the allies and germany
armenian genocide
the turks were trying to knock out Armenians
the league of nations goal
was to resolve international disputes
war guilt clause
forced germany and the central powers to take blame for ww1
trench warfare
a type of fighting where you fight in a trench
treaty of versailles role in hitlers rise to power
germany was in a “depression” from having to pay reperations (which the treat of versailles made them pay) so since hitler refused to pay them it made germany want him as their leader
ww1 techonology
u-boats, zeppelins, machine guns, flame throwers, tanks, and poisonous gases
causes of the march revolution
russias massive defeats during ww1 and food and fuel shortages plus the governments low confidence
nazi rise to power
after trying to rise to power illegally they decided to try and do it legally and they rose to power
purpose of stalins purges
so stalin could get rid of any potential threats
purpose of stalins show trials
to make stalins “threats” even more punished than they already are by opening their trials to the public
fascism
authorization authorized by a dictatorial party
adolf hitler
leader of the nazis
benito mussolini
italian politican- created the national facist party
totalitarianism
a government that is centralized and dictorial
joesph stalin
soviet politican and he was a communist
kristallnacht
the night of the broken glass– nazis broke all the windows and destroyed all the shops owned by jews or places of warships
nuremberg laws
anti-semitisic racist laws that were enacted by germany
beer hall putsch
the nazis failed attempt to seize power
stalins 5 year plans
goals to increase industrialization, improve transportation, and increase the food supply
