World History Flash Cards
. Democracy (United States, FDR, Truman)
Truman and FDR pressed Stalin to have Eastern European countries have free elections to have democracies
. Communism ( Soviet Union / USSR, Stalin, Khrushchev )
Stalin then Khrushchev were the communist leaders of the Soviet Union in the Cold War.
Big Three
FDR, Stalin in Churchill
Partition of Germany
The Iron Curtain divides Germany into East and West
. Berlin Airlift
The Soviet Union set up a blockade of western Berlin. US and Britain flew food and supplies into West Berlin for 11 months.
. Containment
US policy blocking Soviet influence and and stop expansion of communism.
Truman Doctrine
Truman’s support for countries that rejected communism.
Marshall Plan
Give aid to needy European countries by providing food, machinery and materials to rebuild Western Europe.
Mutually Assured Destruction
Complete destruction because both side would fire nucelar weapons at each other.
Deterrence
when we had protection because we had nukes
Brinkmanship
The willingness to go to the brink (edge) of war with nuclear weapons.
. United Nations (purpose? How different from League of Nations?)
50 countries united to protect each other from aggressors. The security council (Britain, China, France, US, USSR + 6 more) has power to investigate and settle disputes. Countries of UN can deploy armed forces that the League of Nations could not do.
NATO
North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationDefensive military alliance. An attack on any NATO member would be met with armed forces of all members.
Warsaw Pact
Alternate alliance to NATO that included USSR, East Germany, Czech, Polland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria and Albania.
Iron Curtain
Churchill came up with the phrase to describe the division of democratic Western Europe and Communist Eastern Europe.
China
(1949) Communists took over China
. Vietnam
(1959-1972) Vietnam was controlled by the French but the locals asked communist to help them gain independence.
. Berlin
Hotspot in berlin was in 1981-1989.
. Korea
(1950-1953) Japanese north of 38th parallel surrendered to Soviet troops and became communists. South of this line surrendered to American troops and were supported by western powers.
. Cuba
(1959)Fidel Castro led a revolution in Cuba and became a harsh dictator for more than 40 years. Cuba was supported by communist USSR.
. Stalin
Setup Totalitarian State in Russia and led Russia to industrial and political power
Five Year Plan
There were two. 1 to increase of steel, coal, oil and electricity. It did not work out. 2 the second 5 year plan, same goals, still worked out.
. propaganda
Media controlling the people
. Mussolini
Politician that ruled Italy.
. Hitler
The ruler of the nazis
Weimar Republic
Germany’s New Democratic government setup in 1919
. Mein Kampf & Hitler’s beliefs
Book called My Struggle Hitler wrote while in jail telling his beliefs and goals for Germany 1)Germans were superior. 2)Non Aryans were inferior. 3)Versailles Treaty was an outrage. 4) German needed more space by taking Russian land.
. Nazi Party
Believed Germany had to overturn the Treaty of Versailles and combat communism.
. What was life like after WWI? (…for civilians, for soldiers, for the economy…)
For civilians, a lot of people were dying from influenza. The economy was in inflation. The soldiers suffered from diseases like PTSD, shell shock and prosthetic limbs.
How is communism under Lenin different from the communism Marx envisioned?
Marx - the communal ownership of wealthLenin - the state needed to be run by a single party with centrally directed administrators to ensure its goals.
. 6 things totalitarian leaders use to gain and keep control? Why do people let them do this?
Dynamic leaderIdeology State control of individuals Methods of reinforcement Modern technology State Control of Society Dictatorship and one Party Rule
. How does Hitler rise to power? How is this similar to/different from Mussolini? Stalin?
All three came into power legally then changed the focus of the government. Hitler and Mussolini were small men that gave fiery speeches to get motivate the population.
. Lebensraum
“Living Space”. Hitler declared Germany was overcrowded and needed more living space by conquering Eastern Europe and Russia.
. Capitalism
An economic system in which the factors of production are privately owned and money is invested in business ventures to make a profit.
. Stalin
Means “man of steel”. Leader of Communist party that established Totalitarianism in the Soviet Union and leader of USSR
. Chamberlain
British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain gave in to Hitler’s demand to take Sudetenland.
. FDR
Was president when Pearl Harbor was attacked. FDR declared war on Japan and entered the US into WWII.
. Rise of Totalitarianism (What allowed this to happen? What is it?
Stalin got rid of all opposition and wanted the USSR to become one of the most powerful nations in the world. Totalitarianism is a government that takes total, centralized control over every aspect of public and private life.
. Communism
A form of complete socialism in which the means of production - all land, mines, factories, railroads and businesses-would be owned by the people. Private property cease to exist.
. Fascism
a militant political movement that emphasized loyalty to the state and obedience to its leader.Fascists did not seek a classless society.and were nationalists.
Democracy
Government by the people and is also a way of life and an ideal goal such as free and open elections.
. Mussolini
Founded the Fascist Party in Italy.
. Hitler
Head of the Nazi party. Took control of German economic, political and every aspect of German life. Started war on the Jews.
. Churchill
British Prime Minister after Chamberlain. Great speaker and leader that vowed to crush Germany.
. Truman
Truman was the president of the US when the Atomic Bomb was dropped. He warned Japan but they ignored the warning.
. Kellogg-Briand Pact
Kellogg (US) Briand (France) pledged “to renounce war as an instrument of national policy.”
. League of Nations & unenforceable peace
An international association whose goal would be to keep peace among nations. Enemy and neutral nations excluded. League of Nations was in no position to take to keep the peace.
. Rise of Totalitarianism (What allowed this to happen? What is it?)
A government that takes total, centralized state control over every aspect of public and private life. Stalin was able to push totalitarianism as a way to improve the economy to compete with advanced countries.
. Weimar Republic
Germany’s democratic government setup in 1919.
. Appeasement
Giving in to an aggressor to keep peace.
. Blitzkrieg
Military Strategy “lightning war” with fast moving airplanes and tanks, followed by massive infantry forces to take enemy defenders by surprise. Worked when they attacked Poland.
. Genocide
systematic killing of an entire people.
. Pacifism
The belief that any violence, including war, is unjustifiable under any circumstances, and that all disputes should be settled by peaceful means.
. Mein Kampf
Hitler wrote this book about his beliefs and goals for Germany-Germans were master race.-Non Aryan’s were inferior.-The Treaty of Versailles was an outrage.-Germany needed more living space.-Ge space by conquering eastern Europe and Russia.
. Hitler’s Relationship with Stalin (Nazi-Soviet Pact)
Fascist Germany and Communist Russia publicly pledged never to attack one another.
. Hitler’s 1st Moves in Europe (Rhineland, Austria, Czech, Poland)
Hitler broke the Versailles Treaty and moved into the forbidden Rhineland, then annexed Austria, Czech, Polland. Czech asked France and England for help but they chose appeasement and Hitler took control.
. Battle of Britain / London Blitz
Germans bombed London from summer of 1940 until May 1941. Londoners hid in the subways and basements. The Germans gave up bombing because of the British Resistance. The Allies learned that Hitler’s attacks could be blocked.
. Operation Barabossa
Hitler’s plan to invade the Soviet Union but the Germans never gained control. It lasted 2 years and 500,000 Germans died.
. Nuremberg Laws
Anti Jewish laws that classified Jews by how many grandparents were Jewish and took away many of their basic rights, German citizenship and Jews could not marry non Jews. These laws later applied to gypsies and blacks.
. Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass)
Nazi storm troopers attacked Jewish homes and businesses and synagogues and broke all of the windows and destroyed what was inside.
. Hitler’s Targets (order of targets and reason for targeting)
Hitler believed in the purity of the Aryan race so the Nazi’s had to eliminate subhumans - gypsies, Poles, Russians, homosexuals, insane, disabled, incur ably ill and mostly the Jews.
. Holocaust (Who? Where? EXACTLY what happened)
Jews were targeted in Kristallnacht
Jews left Germany for France, Britain and US until they stopped immigration.
Ghettos were setup for Jews to live behind fences. Gathered people in the country took them to pits and shot them.
City people sent to concentration camps then taken to showers where the Jews died by gas.
. Hitler’s Final Solution
1942 Nazi’s built extermination camps with huge gas chambers hat could kill 6000 Jews in a day. They would kill women, children, sick, and elderly first in fake showers.
Allied Plan to end WWII step 1, 2 3 …
Launch an attack on German held France. Setup fake army at Calais. Operation Overlord was Allied troops attack 60 miles of beach on Normandy. Then attacked Germans in Saint Lo. Took Paris, then liberated France, Belgium, Luxenbourg. Allied forces attacked Germany from the west and the Soviets from the east.
US involvement in WWII
US supported Britain with supplies and supported allied leaders but did not join the war until the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor then the US was fighting with the allies in Europe
. Mussolini’s Downfall & execution
Allied forces took control of Sicily which toppled Mussolini then the Germans took control of North Italy and put Mussolini back in control. After Germany fell, allied forces found Mussolini disguised as a German soldier. They shot him and hung his body in Milan for everyone to see.
. D-Day
Operation Overlord (Invasion of Normandy) which started the fall of Germany.
. V-E Day
May 9, 1945 - Germany surrendered in Berlin and celebrated Victory in Europe after 6 years of war.
. Pearl Harbor
December 7, 1941 the Japanese attacked the US military base in Hawaii with airplanes. 2300 Americans were killed and 19 ships sank in 2 hours. This act got the US to declare war on Japan.
. Hiroshima
Japanese city with a population of 350,000 that the first atomic bomb was dropped on. Over 70,000 people were killed immediately.
. Nagasaki
The city of 270,000 citizens that was attacked with the second atomic bomb dropped by the US. More than 70,000 people were immediately killed.
. Atomic Bomb
Powerful weapon based on splitting the nucleus of an uranium atom that could kill 70,000 people with one bomb. Developed by a top secret project called the Manhattan Project in New Mexico.
. World Wide Effects of the Great Depression
1-US bankers demanded repayment of overseas loans
2-US investors withdrew money from Europe
3-Americans stopped buying European goods
4-Germany and Austria banks failed
5-In Asia farms and workers suffered as exports declined
6-Latin America was hurt because US and Europe stopped buying sugar, beef and copper
. The Treaty of Versailles
Created the League of Nations
Germany had to pay reparations to the Allies
Germany’s territories in Africa and the Pacific were governed by the League of Nations
. Anti-semitism
Hatred of Jews
Key part of Nazi ideology
. WWII Allies
Great Brittain France US USSR Australia Belgium Poland China
. WWII Axis
Germany
Italy
Japan
. Atlantic Charter
Roosevelt and Churchill met to declare free trade and right of people to choose their own government.
. Nuremberg Trials
23 nations charged Nazi leaders with war crimes and sentenced many to death.
. Fall of Italy
Allied forces took Italy back from Italy and Germany and forced out Mussolini. Germany took back northern Italy and Mussolini was back in power. Allies fought in Germany until Germany fell. Italians found Mussolini disguised as a German soldier and killed him.
. Allies in North Africa
Eisenhower led 100,000 mostly American troops in Morocco and Algeria and Montgomery led British troops in Egypt. They crushed Afrika Korps between them.
. End of WWII in Europe
Allies came into Germany from the west, Soviets came from the East and surrounded Berlin. Hitler committed suicide.
. Casualties of WWII
US Military - 292,131
British - military 272,311, civilians 60,595
France - military 205,707, civilians 173,260
USSR - military 13,600,000, civilians 7,720,000
Germany - military 3,300,000, civilians 2,893,000
Japan - military 1,140,429, civilians 953,000
. Auschwitz
Largest Nazi extermination camp that could kill 6000 Jews a day.
. Mao
Chinese communist leader backed by Soviets
. Castro
Harsh dictator that has ruled Cuba for more than 40 years.
. Khrushchev
Dominant Soviet leader after Stalin died.
. Berlin Wall
East Germans (communists) built a wall to separate East and West Berlin
. Berlin Blockade
The Soviet Union cut off highway, water, and trains to western Berlin for 11 months.
. End of Cold War
Nixon lead a policy of detente and realpolitik to reduce Cold War tensions
. Satellite Countries
Countries dominated politically and economically by another nation.
. Collective Security
A security arrangement (political, regional, global) if a country goes against one country, it goes against many.
. cheka
Bolchevik secret police
. Propaganda
Media controlling the people. Totalitarian states control all media (publications, film, art, music) to put out false information and make it sound true. Saying the information is false is treason and severely published.
Collectivization
Policy to consolidate individual land and labor into collective farms to increase food supply
Marx
German journalist that introduced a radical type of socialism called communism
Arms Race
Building military in peaceful times between US and USSR
Cuban Missile Crisis
USSR put missiles in Cuba and the US demanded their removal nuclear was possible. Krushchev removed the missiles and the US did not invade Cuba.
History of the world
Dark Ages Renaissance Scientific Revolution Enlightenment Industrial Revolution Imperialism World War I Totalitarianism World War II Cold War
