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World History Final Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of government was used before the Enlightenment?

A

Monarchy

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2
Q

During the Dark Ages, whose happiness was the most important?

A

The Rulers

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3
Q

After the Enlightenment, whose happiness was the most important?

A

Common people

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4
Q

What are the three Natural Rights?

A
  • Life - Liberty- Property
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5
Q

How was the French and Indian War important in bringing about the American Revolution?

A

Britain beat France for control of N America, and to pay for the debt they tried to tax the colonists

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6
Q

Describe the living conditions for the peasants.

A

Very little food, usually a one room house with dirt floor and one bed to share. Clothing was rough, beige and each person had only one set. etc

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7
Q

In what two ways did the American Revolution help to bring about the French Revolution?

A

Our success inspired the French to revolt

France went into debt helping us pay for our revolution

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8
Q

How did Enlightenment ideas helped bring about the American and French Revolutions?

A

John Locke’s introduced ideas of government’s job is protecting natural rights, and the French and British governments weren’t protecting them

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9
Q

What is the Enlightenment?

A

An explosion of ideas, focusing on individual rights and happiness through logic and reason

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10
Q

What are two ways that the Agricultural Revolution helped to produce the Industrial Revolution?

A

Increased food production

Increase in urban population

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11
Q

Where did Industrialization first start?

A

England

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12
Q

What are eight reasons that helped England industrialize?

A 
Large urban population
Stable economy
Many natural resources
Stable Govt
Large harbors already built
Large Trade network
Rivers for Transportation
Plenty of fuel
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13
Q

Which industry was the first to industrialize?

A

Textiles

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14
Q

What are four long term effects of Industrialization?

A 
More individual wealth
Better health and life expectancy
Growth of a middle class
Better education
building codes and regulations enforced
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15
Q

What does laissez-faire mean?

A

Hands off

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16
Q

Whose hands does this mean, and what are they keeping off of?

A

Gov’t hand’s off of business

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17
Q

Who owns the businesses, resources, and make decisions in capitalism?

A

Individuals

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18
Q

How does the “invisible hand” work?

A

The combined buying habits of an economy will tell businesses what to make and at what price to sell it without government involvement

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19
Q

What are three positives of capitalism?

A

Efficient at the small scale
Incentive for hard work
Incentive for invention

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20
Q

What is the main idea of Socialism?

A

Major businesses only would be controlled by the government, the rest would be owned by individuals

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21
Q

Give three examples of the “major businesses.”

A

Transportation
Banking
Energy

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22
Q

What book laid out the idea of Communism?

A

Communist Manifesto

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23
Q

Why and how would the lower classes take control, according to the Communist Manifesto?

A

The lower classes would violently revolt against the upper classes because the working conditions and pay would continue to get worse until the poor could take it no more

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24
Q

In Communism, who owns the businesses?

A

Government

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25
Q

When is communism efficient?

A

At the National scale

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26
Q

What are two problems with Communist theories?

A

Inefficient at small scale

No incentive for hard work or new ideas

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27
Q

What is the definition of Imperialism?

A

A stronger country controlling a less powerful country for the purpose to dominating the social, political, and economic life of the colony

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28
Q

What are seven reasons to that Europeans wanted to have colonies?

A 
Natural Resources
New markets
Spread religion
Racism (Social Darwinism)
Nationalism
Control Trade Routes
Military bases worldwide
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29
Q

What were four problems that the Europeans faced in getting African colonies before Industrialization?

A

Rough terrain
Equal weaponry
Impassable rivers
Malaria

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30
Q

What inventions were made during industrialization that helped the Europeans get around these problems?

A

Railroads
Steamboats
Quinine
Maxim Gun

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31
Q

What aspect of Africa did the Europeans focus on during the Berlin Conference?

A

Natural Resources

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32
Q

What aspect did they ignore?

A

Cultural and ethnic boundaries

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33
Q

What consequence did cash crop plantations have on the Africans?

A

Starvation

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34
Q

What are Geopolitics?

A

The importance of a location is based on where it sits in the world

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35
Q

How did the Sepoy Rebellion bring about changes in Imperialism in India?

A

Sepoy rebellion ended the rule of the East India company, and started the British Raj

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36
Q

What is the Raj?

A

Period of time that British government controlled India

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37
Q

Describe Hawaii before the United States took it over?

A

It was an independent country with its own language, religion, and government

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38
Q

What did the Bayonet Constitution do?

A

Took power away from the King and gave it to the American planters

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39
Q

What did we promise the Filipinos when we went there?

A

Help defeating the Spanish, then freedom

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40
Q

What are the four causes of World War I?

A

Imperialism, Nationalism, Militarism, Alliance System

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41
Q

Who was in the Triple Alliance?

A

Italy, Germany, Austria-Hungary

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42
Q

Who was in the Triple Entente?

A

France, Russia, England

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43
Q

Once the war had started, what were the Triple Alliance countries known as?

A

Central Powers

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44
Q

Once the war had started, what were the Triple Entente countries known as?

A

Allied Powers

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45
Q

The rise of which country broke the balance of Europe?

A

Germany

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46
Q

The goal of the Schlieffen Plan was to keep the Germans out of what kind of war?

A

To avoid a 2-Front war

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47
Q

What event triggered the start of World War I?

A

Assassination of Franz Ferdinand

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48
Q

What group was responsible for the death of Archduke Franz Ferdinand?

A

The Black Hand

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49
Q

The Germans stopped advancing, and were pushed back into Belgium. What are two reasons this happen?

A

Britain and Russia entered the war

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50
Q

How many miles of trenches were dug in WWI?

A

5,000

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51
Q

Which front is known for its extensive system of trenches?

A

Western

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52
Q

Why were machine guns important?

A

Made the usual head on attack completely ineffective

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53
Q

What was the original purpose for tanks?

A

To cross no man’s land

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54
Q

What city saw the first use of poison gas?

A

Ypres, Belgium

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55
Q

What are U-Boats, and what did Germany use them for?

A

German submarines, used to mine harbors and sink supply ships heading to Allied countries

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56
Q

What is no mans land?

A

The area between the trenches

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57
Q

Who pushed the Russians to enter before they were ready? Why?

A

The Allies, they needed to have the Germans split their army (2 front war)

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58
Q

Who fought on the Western Front?

A

Germany vs England, France, US

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59
Q

Who fought on the Eastern Front?

A

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottomans vs. Russia

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60
Q

What was the biggest problem with the Russian war effort?

A

Constantly under supplied

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61
Q

Why were the Russian soldiers under supplied?

A

Russia wasn’t industrialized, and the Allies couldn’t ship them goods

62
Q

What was Russia’s main contribution to World War I, strategically?

A

To distract Germany, and force them to fight a 2-front war

63
Q

What were two reasons given against the United States joining the war?

A

Not our problem, we should fix our problems here

64
Q

How did unrestricted submarine warfare help to draw the US into the war?

A

Germany was sinking passenger ships, and killed American citizens when they sunk the Lusitania

65
Q

How did our loan amounts to Germany and the Allies help to draw the US into the war?

A

We loaned 2.5 Billion to the Allied countries, and only 25 million to Germany. Only the winner would be able to repay, so we wanted England and France to win

66
Q

What were the most important six points in Wilson’s 14 Point speech?

A 
Colonies should rule themselves
Get rid of tariffs
Free navigation of the seas/no sub warfare
Reduce military size
No secret alliances
Create League of Nations
67
Q

When does the war officially end?

A

11:00 a.m. November 11, 1918

68
Q

What treaty brought the war to a close?

A

Treaty of Versailles

69
Q

How many troops died overall? Which side had more killed?

A

8.5 million, Allied powers

70
Q

Besides the death rate, what are two other effects of WWI?

A

Spread of the Spanish Flu, Europe was a rubble pile, the became the world’s dominant economy, etc

71
Q

What was the primary goal of the French and British delegates?

A

Punish Germany

72
Q

What was the War Guilt Clause and why was it so important?

A

Forced Germany to admit full responsibility for WWI, and were required to pay an absurd amount of money

73
Q

How much was the German government supposed to repay after the war?

A

$64 Billion

74
Q

What was the effect of the Treaty of Versailles on the German people?

A

It was humiliating and destroyed their economy

75
Q

What kind of government style did Russia have before its revolutions?

A

Monarchy

76
Q

What is a czar?

A

Russian king

77
Q

What is a pogrom?

A

Government organized violence against Jews and their property

78
Q

Why did Lenin go to Germany for decades?

A

To avoid arrest until the conditions were good for him to come back and lead the revolution

79
Q

What were the workers asking for on Bloody Sunday?

A

No child labor, better working conditions, pay, etc
Rights to vote, speech, religion, etc
Duma
Free health care

80
Q

What happened to the protesters?

A

Nicholas’ officers ordered them shot

81
Q

What is a duma?

A

Russian Parliament

82
Q

Why does Russia lose so many battles in WWI to Germany?

A

Poorly trained officers
Poorly trained troops
Lack of supplies
Lack of technology

83
Q

What action did Nicholas II take to end the riots of the March Revolution?

A

Stepped down as king

84
Q

What did the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk do?

A

Ended Russia’s involvement in WWI, but gave up huge chunks of land to Germany

85
Q

Who did the Red Army fight during the Russian Civil War?

A

The White Army

86
Q

What sort of people were in the White Army?

A

Capitalists, Royalists, Advocates of Democracy, other countries, anti-communists

87
Q

What is the NEP, and how does it work? Was it successful?

A

New Economic Policy, it was a small form of capitalism used to jump start the Russian economy. Peasants were able to keep a portion of their crops to sell for profit.
It was very successful

88
Q

What are three political reforms made by the Bolsheviks when they gained control?

A

Changed the name of the country to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Moved the capital to Moscow
Divided the country into “Republics” to help with running the country

89
Q

Who took over after Lenin died? How did he accomplish this?

A

Josef Stalin, he accused the older party members of being traitors, and then filled their positions with people who were his friends

90
Q

What are four methods that dictators use to control their people?

A

Police State
Censorship
Religious persecution
Propaganda

91
Q

What is censorship? Why does it work?

A

Keeping all negative views from the public eye,It works because if people don’t know something is happening, they won’t be upset

92
Q

Who was the Red Guard, or Red Army?

A

The Communist’s Army

93
Q

Who were the Bolsheviks?

A

The Communist party in Russia

94
Q

What is Propaganda?

A

Using biased or false information to sway people to accept the government’s opinions

95
Q

What kinds of things would (communist) propaganda stress?

A

Pro-Communist ideas
Problems with capitalism
hard work
Self sacrifice

96
Q

Describe what a police state is, and why it works to keep people in line.

A

The government relies on “secret police” to kill or intimidate any opponents, this keeps all opposition voices down, and makes the population too afraid to speak out

97
Q

What were the Five Year Plans, and what did the first one focus on?

A

Stalin’s plan to get the USSR industrialized quickly, heavy industry such as iron, coal, concrete, etc

98
Q

What is a collective farm?

A

A government owned farm in the USSR

99
Q

Why did millions of Indians join the British Army during WWI? Did they get it?

A

They were promised a start to self rule, of course not

100
Q

What was the Amritsar Massacre?

A

A festival in northern India was seen as a protest by the British, and their troops fired on the crowd, killing unarmed, peaceful Indians. Turned many Indians against the British overnight.

101
Q

What were two of Gandhi’s most important strategies to take on the British?

A

Civil Disobedience and non-violence

102
Q

What is Civil Disobedience?

A

Deliberately and openly disobeying laws you find unjust

103
Q

Why was Gandhi leading the Salt March?

A

To make his own salt as a protest to the Salt Tax

104
Q

What was the result of the Salt March?

A

The British beat defenseless Indians and world opinion tuned against them. This lead directly to self-rule for India

105
Q

Why was the Wiemar Republic despised by the German people from the start?

A

They were blamed for losing the war
They were the government who signed the Treaty of Versailles
They purposely ruined their economy through hyperinflation

106
Q

What led to hyperinflation in Germany?

A

The government printed money to pay the Allies from WWI

107
Q

What are two reasons that the US economy grew so fast after WWI?

A

We never had to rebuild our country

We sold weapons and materials to the Europeans

108
Q

What were the underlying structural problems with our economy?

A

Too much money in the hands of too few
Overproduction led to falling prices and layoffs
Too much was bought on credit

109
Q

What was the trigger that started the Great Depression?

A

Stock market crash

110
Q

How did most countries get out of the Great Depression?

A

Governments spent huge sums of money (building war materials, roads, public buildings, reducing taxes, etc.)

111
Q

What are 2 beliefs that all fascists share?

A

A glorification of the military, and aggressively using it to attack other countries
A belief in the superiority of their own race

112
Q

In what ways are fascists similar to Communist dictators?

A

Run country through use of a police state
Use of Censorship
Use of propaganda
replace religion with leader worship

113
Q

What two institutions did both Hitler and the Nazi party despise?

A

Treaty of Versailles

Wiemar Republic

114
Q

What was the Beer Hall Putsch, and was it successful?

A

Hitler’s first attempt at seizing power. He planned to take the Wiemar leaders captive, and force them to join him in leading a march on Berlin. The army killed dozens of supporters, and Hitler was jailed for treason

115
Q

What were Hitler’s views on race that he wrote about in Mien Kampf?

A

The Aryan (Germans) were responsible for all culture that was positive. Jews and Communists were responsible for all negative things.

116
Q

What is Lebensraum? What does Hitler want to do with it?

A

Living room, he wanted to expand his empire’s borders and fill it with more Germans

117
Q

What event caused the German public to again take notice of Hitler? Why?

A

Great Depression,
Hitler told them it was the Jew’s fault, he would punish them, and how the Nazis would lead Germany back to greatness.
He also was a strong man who was looked at as the only person who could restore order and prevent Communists from taking over

118
Q

What was the Enabling Act?

A

The law that made Hitler dictator

119
Q

What is the Anschluss?

A

The joining of Austria and Germany

120
Q

How did Hitler gain control of the Sudetenland?

A

He said there were Germans who lived there, and demanded control of the area. The French and British gave it to him to stop a war

121
Q

What was appeasement, and who was its biggest supporter?

A

Giving in to an aggressor in order to prevent a war, Neville Chamberlain

122
Q

Who were the Axis power? What did they have in common?

A

Germany, Italy, Japan, all were fascists

123
Q

What was the Non-Aggression Pact?

A

An agreement between Stalin and Hitler not to go to war with each other during WWI

124
Q

Why did each side sign it?

A

Both got land

Hitler prevented a 2-front war

125
Q

What was the first country the Nazis took over by force?

A

Poland

126
Q

What does Blitzkrieg mean, and how does it work?

A

Lightening War, it is overwhelmingly powerful, and strikes without warning
Air attacks, followed by tanks, and troops on the ground

127
Q

What happened at Dunkirk?

A

The Germans surrounded the French at the coastal city of Dunkirk, and the British Navy and civilians brought nearly 1000 boats to ferry the troops to England

128
Q

Why was it a positive for the Allies?

A

The saved 338,000 troops to fight Hitler later

129
Q

How was it also a disaster for them?

A

It left France totally undefended

130
Q

Why didn’t Hitler invade Britain?

A

It was an island and would have cost too many lives

131
Q

What was his alternative strategy to deal with them?

A

Bomb them into surrender

132
Q

What technology helped to save the British?

A

Radar

133
Q

Who broke the Non-Aggression Pact?

A

Hitler

134
Q

What were the Russians doing as they retreated? Why?

A

Burning everything so the Germans wouldn’t have anything to use for food, fuel or shelter

135
Q

In what way did the blitzkrieg backfire for the Germans?

A

They outran their supply lines

136
Q

What happened to the German Army outside Moscow?

A

They dug in and most froze to death

137
Q

What was the purpose of the Nuremberg Laws?

A

Took away the Jewish citizenship, which meant they no longer had protected rights or were allowed to vote

138
Q

Why was Kristallnacht an important milestone in the Nazi state?

A

Was the first time that open violence was used against the German Jews

139
Q

What was the difference between concentration and extermination camps?

A

Concentration camps were used to house political, criminal, and other “undesirables” and used them as slave labor
Extermination camps were only meant to kill its prisoners (Jews, Communists, Russians, etc.) as efficiently as possible

140
Q

Why did the Japanese attack us?

A

They thought we would enter the war anyway, and it would be better to try an knock us out before we could get ready to attack.

141
Q

WHAT is Pearl Harbor? When is it attacked?

A

A naval base in Hawaii

Dec. 7, 1941

142
Q

Why did it become symbolic? (Stalingrad)

A

Because of the name

143
Q

What battle saw the most people killed in history?

A

Stalingrad

144
Q

How many troops did the Allies pull together to re invade France, and where did they put them?

A

3.5 million

England

145
Q

When and what is D-day

A

The day the Allies re invaded France

June 6, 1944

146
Q

Why was the landing in France a big problem for Hitler?

A

It forced him into a 2 front war

147
Q

What is island hopping?

A

The process of taking an island from the Japanese, and using it as a base of attack to go after the next one, eventually ending at the Japanese home islands

148
Q

Why did we not want to invade the Japanese home islands?

A

It would be too costly in terms of lives lost

149
Q

What did we do instead?

A

Dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and they surrendered

150
Q

How many were killed?

A

100,000 instantly, 300,000 more from radiation poisoning and cancer

History (3 decks)

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