World History Final Flashcards
Renaissance history/definition
-The Renaissance was a period in European history in which it transitioned from the Middle ages to the the modern times during the 15th and 16th century
-it was known as a time of enlightenment; which was mainly focused on Art, Literature and Music
-The Renaissance was also the downfall of the Feudal system
-Literary means “rebirth”
An Increase of cities and trade
-Some Medieval traditions did survive such as the Latin language and enlightenment thinkers such as Aristotle and Euclid
-A Renaissance Ideal was a person with many talents and skills in many fields
-Humanists began to evolve
-Poetry became important during these times
Information about the birthplace of the Renaissance
-The Renaissance began in the Western side of Europe in Italy in the early 1300 then spread North to the rest of Europe
-Began there because there was a reawakening in the culture of Ancient Rome since Italy was the center of Roman Civilization it was only natural it started there.
-Many objects of ancient Rome laid there in Italy
There was a lot of knowledge that was reawakened in Italy since they would trade with such people like the Muslims which allowed them to recover knowledge that had been lost
-Wealthy Merchants started to appear and they exerted political and economical leadership and promoted individual achievement and the arts
-Florence had many successful people with poets, scholars, artists, architects, and scientists.
-The Medici family emerged and they would sponsor the arts and their grandson Lorenzo would host in the Medici palace where the Renaissance period would be displayed in the Gardens
-The Italian Renaissance started there because there was a lot of wealth a family had held to allow the arts and literature. The Italian Renaissance had humanists who encouraged the curiosity of others.
Art techniques
-Renaissance painters and sculptures would portray Religious Figures
- They would also produce well known people of the day portraying how it was valuable the humanist way of thinking; Individual achievement
-They became more 3d and realistic compared to the Middle ages
-They discovered the rules of perspective
-Used lighting to make scenes more dramatic
-Studied Anatomy
-Mona Lisa, The last Supper
Famous Renaissance artists and families
-The Medici family was famous for the reason that they would fund the Renaissance; such as art. They had Renaissance art in their own home and even had a family tomb at the Medici chapel by Michelangelo.
- Michelangelo; Sculptor, painter, architect, poet, and engineer
-Born in 1475
-Created Pieta; Statue of Mary cradling baby in sorrow
- David; Statue of Shepard who killed giant Goliath
-Created dome in St.Peter’s Cathedral
-Created Mural in the Sistine Chapel
-Raphael
-Blend Christian and Classical styles
-created the School of Athens
-Leonardo de Vince
-Created the Mona Lisa
-Created the Last Supper
-Sketched many works of flying machines, and many underwater boats before they were invented
Henry VIII
-Firmly stood against the protestant Revolt and was even named the “Defender of faith”
-He had broken up with the church and made his own church named the English church to be able to divorce his wife Catherine of Aragon
-“The only supreme head on earth of the church of England”
-Those who did not like the Act of Supremacy were executed for treason
Martin Luther
-Martin Luther was a German monk and professor of theology and triggered the Revolt
-When he was in a thunder storm he swore he was gonna become a nun if he survived and he did
-He fought against indulgences; which is where you pay for a place in heaven
-He wrote 95 reasons against indulgences
-He said that the pope has no right to give you a place in heaven
Nicolas Copernicus
-In 1543 the polish scholar published On the Revolutions the Heavenly Spheres
-In this he proposed the heliocentric theory
Christopher Columbus
-Italian philosopher and navigator
-492 ‘discovery’ of the New World of the Bahamas on board his ship Santa Maria.
Which country began exploration?
Portugal began the age of exploration
Huguenots
-French Protestants=Huguenots
-August, 14,1571 was the killing of 3,000 Huguenots in a royal wedding; leading to 1,0000 more killings the next few days
-Were protected by the Edict Nantes made by Henry XV
Roles of women during the Industrial Revolution (middle-class, lower-middle-class, and working-class)
Upper class-
Upper class woman sat at home drinking tea and taking care of the children. Women mostly found jobs in domestic service, textile factories, and piece workshops.
Middle class-
Domestic work – cooking, cleaning, caring for children and the sick, fetching water, making and mending clothing – took up the bulk of women’s time during the Industrial Revolution period. Most of this work was unpaid.
Lower class-
Lower-class women often did work outside the home, but usually as poorly-paid domestic servants or laborers in factories and mills.
Relationship between the Declaration of Independence and Enlightenment ideals
The Enlightenment was a movement that focused on individual rights, liberty, and reason, as well as the purpose of government. John Locke presented the idea of natural rights, which are provided by natural law. Natural rights include life, liberty, and property, and we find them in the Declaration of Independence.
Socialism
-middle, upper, and lower class during the Industrial revolution
-During the Mary Antoinette age there was 1st, 2nd, 3rd estates
Ferdinand Magella
-portuguese noblemen
-sailed with 5 ships to reach the pacific
-The ship had at last reached south America
-He sloweley explored the bays and found a route that would soon be called the “strait of Magellan”
-It had unpredictable winds, rushing waves, and brutal tides
-The ships then emerged to the Bolboa sea
Issac Newton
-He was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, and author who was described in his time as a natural philosopher
-During the Scientific Revolution he had discovered the law of gravity
