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world history benchmark Flashcards

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1
Q

who was the first prophot

A

Muhammad

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2
Q

according to the five pillars of islam,every muslim must give charity to the poor

A

give charity to the poor

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3
Q

the birthplace of islam was

A

mecca

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4
Q

the holy book of islam is the

A

quran

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5
Q

the two main groups within islam are

A

shiites and sunnis

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6
Q

the renaissance began in

A

italy

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7
Q

how did italy’s location help make it the starting point for the renaissance

A

its location allowed trade with wuslim world

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8
Q

The Renaissance was characterized by:

A
  • the idea that people can shape their own destinies
  • revival of interest in Greek and Roman civilizations
  • the emphasis on humanism
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9
Q

Groups that revolted against the Catholic Church and formed separate Christian churches during the
Reformation were known as:

A

protestants

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10
Q

The Reformation began when:

A

Martin luther publicly criticized the church for selling indulgences

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11
Q

What is one belief of Luther that differed from Church practices?

A

he believed Christians would be saved only by faith

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12
Q

The English Reformation began as a result of the:

A

Pope’s refusal to annul Henry VIII’s marriage

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13
Q

Which of the following inventions contributed to the spread of ideas in the late Renaissance,
Reformation and Scientific Revolution?

A

printing press

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14
Q

Why was Copernicus’s theory revolutionary?

A

It contradicted the teachings of the Church

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15
Q

The English Bill of Rights:

A
  • gave the House of Commons “the power of the purse”
  • forbid the us of cruel and unusual punishment against English citizens
  • created a limited (constitutional) monarchy
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16
Q

The defeat of the Spanish Armada by the English in 1588:

A
  • brought an end to Spain’s colonial monopoly in North America
  • signaled the decline of Spain as a major power
  • marked the rise of England as a major power
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17
Q

The formation of the Holy Roman Empire was a very significant event in European history because it:

A
  • created the world’s first “superpower” of the modern era
  • delayed the development of German unification
  • led to the start of the Crimean War
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18
Q

What European nation was the first to seek an all water route to Asia by sailing around Africa?

A

portugal

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19
Q

What European nation established colonies along the Mississippi River in present day United States and
along the St. Lawrence River in present day Canada?

A

france

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20
Q

What European nation established colonies along the Mississippi River in present day United States and
along the St. Lawrence River in present day Canada?

A

spain

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21
Q

What European nation established colonies along the eastern coast of North America?

A

england

22
Q

Who wrote that people have a natural right to overthrow the government?

A

John locke

23
Q

Voltaire was a philosopher who defended

A

freedom of speech

24
Q

what idea of montesquieu influenced the Untied states constitution

A

separation of powers

25
Q

What British writer favored an absolute monarchy as the best form of government?

A

Hobbes

26
Q

The Enlightenment

A

-served as an inspiration for both American and French Revolution
-championed the belief that social problems could be solved by applying reason and
Scientific method
-changed the relationship between rulers and the state to one where the ruler served the
state to support the people

27
Q

The symbolic start of the French revolution, which occurred on _____, and is celebrated as
French Independence Day is:

A

July 14, 1789, the storming of the Bastille

28
Q

many people saw the bastille as a symbol of

A

tyranny

29
Q

the first estate was made up of

A

clergy

30
Q

the second estate consisted of

A

nobles

31
Q

the third estate consisted of

A

Bourgeoisie and peasants

32
Q

The economic crisis in France was caused by

A
  • failure to reform
  • policies of the Estates-General
  • bad harvests, costly wars and deficit spending
33
Q

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen proclaimed all of the following EXCEPT

A

-equal rights for women

34
Q

The Committee of Public Safety was headed by:

A

Maximiian Robespierre

35
Q

Who invented the Guillotine?

A

Guillotin

36
Q

Which of the following helped Napoleon rise to power?

A

his military successes

37
Q

Napoleon’s Continental System was designed to

A

stops British trade with Europe

38
Q

What tactic helped the Russians defeat Napoleon?

A

scorched earth policy

39
Q

Napoleon’s final defeat in 1815 occurred at

A

Battle of Waterloo

40
Q

The Industrial Revolution began in ______________.

A

Britain

41
Q

The first industry to develop at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution was the ______industry.

A

texiles

42
Q

Industrialization brought about poor working conditions for workers that included:

A
  • working with dangerous machinery
  • unhealthy environments in factories
  • low wages and long hours
43
Q

What is one way agriculture helped the population explosion?

A

-it created a surplus of food

44
Q

At the beginning of the Industrial Age, labor unions:

A
  • offered workers protection from unfair working conditions
  • were helped by the government through legislation
  • relied on vandalism and violence as a tactic
45
Q

How did the Industrial Revolution contribute to imperialism?

A

Western nations needed natural resources

46
Q

Many western leaders felt they needed colonies and global empire to

A
  • supply manufactured goods
  • create strong nation states
  • strengthen national security
47
Q

During the Industrial Revolution, child labor was used because

A
  • it was previously used on family farms
  • they worked for lower wages than adults
  • they were easier to control by management
48
Q

define Communism

A

A political theory derived from karl marx advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.

49
Q

define Socialism

A

a political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole

50
Q

define Social Darwinism

A

he theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals

world history (1 decks)

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