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world history benchmark Flashcards

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1
Q

According to the 5 Pillars of Islam, every Muslim must

A

Give charity to the poor

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2
Q

The 1st prophet of Islam was

A

Muhammad

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3
Q

The birthplace of Islam was

A

Mecca

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4
Q

The holy book of Islam is the

A

Quran

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5
Q

The 2 main groups within Islam are

A

Shiites and Sunnis

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6
Q

The Renaissance began in

A

Italy

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7
Q

How did Italy’s location help make it the starting point for the Renaissance

A

Location allowed trade with Muslim world

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8
Q

The Renaissance was characterized by

A
  • the idea that people can shape their own destinies
  • revival of interest in Greek and Roman civilization
  • the emphasis on humanism
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9
Q

Groups that revolted against the Catholic Church and formed separate Christian churches during the reformation were known as

A

Protestants

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10
Q

The Reformation began when

A

Martin Luther publicly criticized the church for selling indulgences

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11
Q

What is 1 belief of Luther that differed from church practices

A

He believed Christians would be saved only by faith

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12
Q

The English Reformation began as a result of the

A

Pope’s refusal to annul Henry Vlll’s marriage

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13
Q

Which of the following inventions contributed to the spread of ideas in the late Renaissance, Reformation and Scientific Revolution

A

The printing press

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14
Q

Why was Copernicus’s theory revolutionary

A

It contraindicated the teachings of the church

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15
Q

The English Bill of rights:

A
  • gave the House if Commons “the power of the purse”
  • forbid the US of cruel ad unusual punishment against English citizens
  • created a limited (constitutional) monarchy
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16
Q

The defeat of the Spanish Armada by the English in 1588:

A
  • brought an end to Spain’s colonial monopoly in North America
  • signaled the decline of Spain as a major power
  • marked the rise of England as a major power
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17
Q

The formation of the Holy Roman Empire was a very significant event in European history because it:

A
  • created the world’s first “superpower” of the modern era
  • delayed the development of German unification
  • led to the start of the Crimean war
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18
Q

What European nation was the first to seek an all water route to Asia by sailing around Africa

A

Portugal

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19
Q

What European nation established colonies along the Mississippi River in present day US and along the St. Lawrence River in present day Canada

A

France

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20
Q

The European nations the first attempted to sail west across the Atlantic and established colonies throughout the Americas

A

Spain

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21
Q

What European nation established colonies along the eastern coast of North American

A

England

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22
Q

Who wrote that people have a natural right to overthrow the government

A

John Locke

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23
Q

Voltaire was a philosopher who defended

A

Freedom of speech

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24
Q

What idea of Montesquieu influenced the US Constition

A

Separation of powers

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25
Q

What British writer favored an absolute monarchy as the best form of government

A

Hobbies

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26
Q

The Enlightment

A
  • served as an inspiration for both American and French Revolution
  • championed the belief that social problems could be solved by applying reason and Scientific method
  • changed the relationship between rulers and the state to one where the ruler served the state to support the people
27
Q

The symbolic start of the French Revolution, which occurred on ___, and is celebrated as French Independence Day is

A

July 14, 1789, the storming of the battle

28
Q

Many people saw the Bastille as a symbol of

A

Tyranny

29
Q

The 1st estate was made up of

A

clergy

30
Q

The 2nd estate was made up of

A

Nobles

31
Q

The 3rd estate was made up of

A

Bourgeoisie and peasants

32
Q

The economic crisis in France was caused by

A
  • failure to reform
  • policies of the Estates-General
  • bad harvests, costly wars and deficit spending
33
Q

The Declaration of the Rights of Men and Citizen proclaimed all of the following EXCEPT

A

equal rights for women

34
Q

The Committee of Public Safety was headed by

A

Maximiian Robespierre

35
Q

Who invented the Guillotine

A

Dr. Guillotin

36
Q

Which of the following helped Napoleon rise to power

A

His military succusses

37
Q

Napoleon’s Continental System was designed to

A

Stops British trade with Europe

38
Q

What tactic helped the Russians defeat Napoleon

A

Scorched earth policy

39
Q

Napoleon’s final defeat in 1815 occurred at

A

Battle of Waterloo

40
Q

The Industrial Revolution began in

A

Britian

41
Q

The 1st industry to develop at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution was the ___ industry

A

Textiles

42
Q

Industrialization brought about poor working conditions for workers that included

A
  • working with dangerous machinery
  • unhealthy environments in factories
  • low wages and long hours
43
Q

What is 1 way agriculture helped the population explosion

A

It created a surplus of food

44
Q

At the beginning of the Industrial Age, labor unions

A
  • offered workers protection from unfair working conduction
  • were helped by the government through legislation
  • relied on vandalism and violence as a tactic
45
Q

How did the Industrial Revolution contribute to imperialism

A

Western nations needed natural resources

46
Q

Many western leaders felt they needed colonies and global empire to

A
  • supply manufactured goods
  • create strong nation states
  • strengthen national security
47
Q

During the Industrial Revolution, child labor was used because

A
  • it was previously used on family farms
  • they worked for lower wages than adults
  • they were easier to control by management
48
Q

Communism

A

Political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and need

49
Q

Socialism

A

Political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole

50
Q

Social Darwinism

A

Theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals. Now largely discredited, social Darwinism was advocated by Herbert Spencer and others in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and was used to justify political conservatism, imperialism, and racism and to discourage intervention and reform

51
Q

Opium War

A

War between Great Britain and China that began in 1839 as a conflict over the opium trade and ended in 1842 with the Chinese cession of Hong Kong to the British, the opening of five Chinese ports to foreign merchants, and the grant of other commercial and diplomatic privileges in the Treaty of Nanking

52
Q

Taiping Rebellion

A

erson who participated in the unsuccessful rebellion led by Hong Xiuquan, who attempted to overthrow the Manchu dynasty

53
Q

Sino Japanese War

A

War between China and Japan over the control of Korea that resulted in the nominal independence of Korea and the Chinese cession to Japan of Formosa and the Pescadores

54
Q

Open Door Policy

A

Policy of admitting people of all nationalities or ethnic groups to a country upon equal terms, as for immigration

55
Q

Boxer Rebellion

A

Member of a Chinese secret society that carried on an unsuccessful uprising, Boxer Rebellion principally against foreigners, culminating in a siege of foreign legations in Peking that was put down by an international expeditionary force

56
Q

Jan van Eyck

A

Early Netherlandish painter active in Bruges. He is often considered one of the founders of Early Netherlandish painting and one of the most significant representatives of Northern Renaissance art

57
Q

Leonardo da Vinci

A

Italian Renaissance polymath whose areas of interest included invention, painting, sculpting, architecture, science, music, mathematics, engineering, literature, anatomy, geology, astronomy, botany, writing, history, and cartography

58
Q

Michelangelo

A

Italian sculptor, painter, architect and poet of the High Renaissance born in the Republic of Florence, who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art

59
Q

Raphael

A

Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. His work is admired for its clarity of form, ease of composition, and visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur

60
Q

Describe the English Reformation

A

King Henry and the Pope Annulment denied

King Henry’s wives

61
Q

Why the invention of the printing press was considered a revolutionary event

A

Martin Luther’s 95 Theses could be published much faster and distributed throughout the nation

62
Q

Why was the Glorious Revolution in England an important event in the development of democratic
governments

A

Created a constitutional monarch and was rid of an absolute monarch

63
Q

Briefly describe what occurred during the “Reign of Terror” in the French Revolution

A

Robespierre had thousands killed if they did not stand with the revolution. He had them executed by the
guillotine.

64
Q 
Which reform philosophy (progressivism, socialism, or communism) would YOU favor to address the
problems facing the working class as a result of the Industrial Age? Briefly explain your choice
A

Students will need to define that philosophy and explain their choice

world history (1 decks)

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