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world history africa Flashcards

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1
Q

Ancient India known as a what

A

subcontinent

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2
Q

India mountain ranges

A

Himalayas and Hindu Kush Mountains

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3
Q

Main rivers of India

A

Indus and Ganges

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4
Q

Basic regions of India

A
  1. Himalayas
  2. Northern Plain
  3. Deccan Plateau
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5
Q

Monsoons- describe them

A

seasonal winds; winter winds are dry. Summer winds bring rain

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6
Q

First cities- names and characteristics

A

Mohenjo Daro & Harappa

- houses made of brick, sewage system, grain storage, and planed city states.

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7
Q

Aryans from where? Migrated to where?

A

from Western Steppe of Asia; crossed the Hindu Kush Mountains and conquered the Indus valley

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8
Q

Vedas; how many and what are they

A

4; collection of stories, hymns, myths, and prayers.

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9
Q

caste system- know it

A

fixed social grouping

  1. Brahmins: priests
  2. Kshatriyas: warriors
  3. Vaisya: common people
  4. sudra: laboring
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10
Q

know Dharma

A

code of conduct for each caste

- determined what you ate, job, who you married, etc.

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11
Q

what is hinduism

A

religion of aryans and early indus valley people.

- guide on spirtual and practical matters on daily life

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12
Q

upanishads- what are they

A

hindu thinkers that tried to interpret the meaning of hymns and vedas

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13
Q

what is atman

A

individual soul of a living being

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14
Q

Karma

A

the souls cumulative and good & bad acts in life

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15
Q

good karma gets you what

A

results in a rebirth in a higher caste

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16
Q

how do you achieve moksha

A

by understanding the relationship between atman and brahman

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17
Q

three main gods

A

brahma, vishnu, ramayana

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18
Q

what are the two great Hindu epics

A

Mahabharta and Ramayana

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19
Q

what are the two great Hindu empires in Indian empire

A

Mauryan empire and Gupta empire

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20
Q

Region of Asoka

A
  • over 10,000 died and Asoka converted to Buddhism
  • Asoka brought an unparallel prosperity to India
  • Built extensive roads & improved conditions for communication
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21
Q

Math achivements under Gupta empire

A
  • created idea of 0
  • developed decimal system
  • beginnings of Algebra
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22
Q

differences between Islam and Hinduism

A

Islam: one god and basic equality of people under Islam
Hinduism: many gods and caste system

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23
Q

why were Muslims not absorbed into Hinduism

A

due to their differences

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24
Q

who were Delhi Sultanate

A

turkish Muslims who lived a luxurious life

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25
Q

why was Delhi Sultanate not stable

A

due to revolts and assasinations

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26
Q

Mongol attacks- what Mongol leader attacked the Delhi Sultanate

A

Tamerlane

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27
Q

trade spreads- what are indias valuable resources

A

spices, diamonds, stones, and good quality wood

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28
Q

what overland route connected Asia and Europe

A

the silk road

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29
Q

what overland route connected Asia and Europe

A

the silk road

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30
Q

how did indians take advantage of the silk road

A

they built trading posts

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31
Q

indian african merchants traded by sea with what territories

A

Africa, Arabia, China, and Southeast Asia

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32
Q

effects of Indian trade

A

rise in banking, spread of culture

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33
Q

what does Mughal mean

A

mongol

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34
Q

who laid the foundation for the Mughal empire

A

Babur

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35
Q

Akbar’s rule of India

A
  • Babur is grandson
  • ruled with wisdom and tolerance
  • ended the Jixya- tax on hindus
36
Q

what did Akbar try to create

A

his own religion, “the divine faith”

37
Q

what flourished during Akbar’s reign

A

Hindu literature

38
Q

What is Urdu and where is it used today

A

language that was a blend of persian and indian.

- used in Pakistan

39
Q

Shah Jahan’s rule characteristic

A

killed anyone who got in his way to become king

- spent lots of money on beautiful buildings

40
Q

why did Shah Jahan subject people to heavy tax

A

heavy costs of buildings subjected people to heavy tax

41
Q

Taj Mahal- what is it? # of workers? how long to build?

A

towering marble dome; memorial & tomb

  • 20,000 workers
  • 22 years to build
42
Q

Aurangzeb’s rule- characteristics

A

imprisoned his father and killed brothers

expanded the Mughal empire to the largest

43
Q

why was Auranzeb’s different from his predecessors

A

oppressed the people; Sharia law

44
Q

decline of the Mughals- allowed who to sieze control of India

A

British

45
Q

what is the social structure and gender roles of african stateless societies

A

hunting gathering society
men- hunt
women- gather

46
Q

how are most societies organized

A

lineage: common ancestors

47
Q

Patrilineal

A

father to son

48
Q

Matrilineal

A

mother descended

49
Q

what runs government / law in muslim states

A

islamic law

50
Q

what areas were ruled by Almravids and Almohad

A

Western Sahara, Ghana, Morocco

51
Q

Ghana- gains power how and traded what

A

gains power by taxing

- traded gold and salt

52
Q

who introduced Islam to Ghana

A

settling merchants

53
Q

what is Animism

A

spirits of living things hold spirtitual powers

54
Q

Mali- founded by who

A

Mande: speaking people

55
Q

wealth built on what

A

gold- trade routes shift

56
Q

first great leader of Mali and what did he establish

A

sundiata: conquers Ghana

57
Q

Mansa Musa: skilled what? Undertook what?

A

skilled military people

undertook hajj

58
Q

Timbuktu becomes what

A

major place for trading and learning

59
Q

Ibn Battuta- from where? where did he go and why do we know about his travels?

A

from tangier, north africa

  • explored islamic world
  • he wrote about his journeys
60
Q

Songhai- how did they get their power

A

trade routes

61
Q

Yoruba- collection of what? Largest kingdoms?

A

farming states. Ifo & Oyo- largest kingdoms

62
Q

Benin- began where? Artistic culture using what?

A

Niger Delta: brass and copper

63
Q

Hausa city states- grouped by a common what

A

language

64
Q

local rulers controlled their lands and farms with what

A

horsed armies

65
Q

Askum traded with who

A

Arabia, Rome, India

66
Q

cities flourished through trade across what

A

Indian ocean

67
Q

who established farming and fishing villages

A

Bantu people

68
Q

bantu people created what language? which is a combination of what languages

A

created swahili

- bantu & arabic

69
Q

Kilwi built on what? high class society with what items

A

indian ocean trade

- society with ivory, porcelain, silk, gold, and silver

70
Q

enslavement- muslim merchants traded for what

A

luxury goods

71
Q

great zimbabwe- empire founded on what

A

trade of gold and taxation of merchants

72
Q

why did great zimbabwe disappear

A

mainly envornment. decline in trade and climate

73
Q

mutapa empire- mutota founded this state looking for what? empire spanned where?

A

looking for salt. spanned zimbabwe to indian ocean

74
Q

The portugeese conquest reached where

A

Africa

75
Q

Buddhism

A

Indian religion based on a series of a teachings from the Buddha

76
Q

Who founded Buddhism? what did his father try to do?

A

Siddhartha Guatma

- his father tried to shield his son from a harsh world

77
Q

what happened to Siddhartha when he was 30

A

saw 4 things

  1. dying old man
  2. sick troubled man in great pain
  3. dead man being carried to cremation
  4. wandering holy man at peace with himself
78
Q

What did Siddhartha interpret from his visions

A

that sickness, old age, death are part of life

79
Q

How did Siddhartha achieve enlighment

A

sat under a tree and vowed until he achieved enlightment and became the Buddha

80
Q

4 noble truths

A
  1. suffering & sarrow are part of life
  2. cause of all suffering is people’s selfish desires for the temporary pleasure of this world
  3. the way to end all suffering is to end all desires
  4. to reach enlightment (nirvana) people should follow a middle way. Have neither too much or too little, known as the eight fold path
81
Q

differences between hinduism & buddhism

A

buddhists stress how one lived, hinduism stressed one’s caste. buddhists believed in recarnation, but not necessary to become pure. Hinduism is a cycle of rebirth.

82
Q

buddhism’s growth

A

buddha traveled for 40 years spreading his teachings

83
Q

Monasteries

A

buildings buddhists monks & nons lived in.

  • strict disipline,
  • owned little
  • depended on charity to live
84
Q

3 jewels of of Buddha

A

“I take refuge in the Buddha, I take refuge in the law. I take refuge in the community.”

85
Q

why does Buddhism split

A

due to disagreements within

86
Q

what is Theravade Buddhism and where would you find it

A

school of buddhism. Followers see budda as a teacher only and live along the guidelines. Found in thailand, burma, lanka, vietnam, and malaya.

87
Q

what is Mahayana and where is it

A

buddha is seen as a god ruling over other gods; developed into a complex religion
found in china, japan, and korea

world history africa (1 decks)

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