World history 7/8 Flashcards
Chivalry
Code of conduct for knights during the Middle Ages
Crusades
A series of wars in which the European Christians tried to win control of the holy land form Muslims
Manga Carta
The Great Charter approved by King John of England
Knights
Men trained from boyhood to ride horseback, fight and care for weapons
Feudalism
The vows are a part of a new political and legal system
Troubadours
Wandering musicians who often sang about knights and ladies
Reconquista
Christian kingdoms in Spain begin a struggle in a reconquest
Serfs
Most peasants on manors who were bound to the land
Inquisition
Launching a brutal campaign against Muslims and Jews
Decline in Western Europe
Political unrest divided the area rural and cut off from large advanced civilizations
Waves of invaders
Slows trade,large cities emptied, classical learning ceased
Medieval culture
Greco-Roman, Germanic, and Christian traditions blended together to form a new civilazation
Germanic Kingdoms
Conquered Western Roman Empire
What did the people in the Germanic Kingdom turn to?
Farming and herding
What 4 things happen during the Germanic kingdom?
No large cities or written laws
Small communities governed by local couscous
Kings were elected
Warriors were loyal to weapons and plunder
What is the most organized and successful German Kingdom?
The Franks
What are the four Germanic kingdoms?
Goths
Vandals
Saxons
Franks
King Clovis
Conquered all of Gaul, preserved many Roman coustoms, converted to Christianity, allied himself with the pope
Charles Martel
Military leader of the Franks, leads Franks over Muslims
Charlemagne
Charles Martel’s grandson, built empire through France/Germany/Italy, ruled for 46 years mostly spent fighting
What happened after Charlemagne’s death?
Kingdom divided up between 3 grandsons
Medieval Women
Assumed role of “Lady of the Manor” while husband or father was away at war
Agricultural revolution
New technologies/farming processes, plows made out of iron, better land, new harnesses, use horses instead of oxen, created a population boom
England
Increased in royal power
Domesday book
Established effective taxation system
Henry Il
Expanded the justice system,common law
King John
Henry II’s son, abused his power, forced to sign a Magna Carta, due to a process of Habeas corpus
Hugh Capet
Expanded royal power, dynasty ruled for 300 years, stabilized the kingdom
Phillip lI
Expanded boundaries, Europe’s most powerful ruler
Louis IX
Persecuted Jews/Heretics/led crusades against Muslims
Pope Urban II
Launched the 1st crusade to free Holy Land, successfully freed Jerusalem
2nd crusade
Jerusalem fell to Saladin
3rd crusade
Fails Saladin opens, Jerusalem to Christian pilgrimages
4th crusade
Christians vs Christians, Constinople trade disputes
What reunited Muslims in the Middle East?
Positive effects
Marco Polo
Merchant, travels around the world
Scholasticism
Use reason to support Christian beliefs
Thomas Aquinas
Faith and reason in harmony
Literature
Switch to writing in vernacular, everyday writing
Medieval
Referring to the Middle Ages in Europe or the period of History between ancient and modern times
