world history Flashcards
Renaissance
Rebirth, great flowering of culture based on classical Greek and Roman ideas and art, began in Italy in late middle ages and spread throughout Europe began in Italy, major trading center, urban societies, Italian cities,
Humanism
Intellectual and artistic movement that emphasized the individual.-Someone who cares much about life on earth
-Movement began in Italy with Petrarch
Secular
Not related to religion or The Church.
Patrons
Wealthy supporters helped artists and thinkers to complete great works.
Vernacular
the language or dialect spoken by the ordinary people in a particular country or region; at the time, Greek and Latin
Gutenberg bible
Gutenberg created the printing press in 1455, first book was the bible
Peace of Augsburg
A document signed in 1555 that allowed each prince to decide which religion - Catholic or Lutheran - would be followed in his lands. Most northern German states chose Lutheranism. The south remained largely Catholic.This is a treaty that ends the wars of religion in the Holy Roman Empire
Lutheran
Instead of continuing to seek reforms in the Church, Luther gained supporters of many german leaders because they wanted power from the church, first Protestant religion,
printing press
Luther’s ideas spread quickly with the help of the press, his supporters spread copies of his speeches and essays, Millions of people sided with him against the Roman Catholic church
Protestant Teaching
the bible is the only source of the truth, people can read and understand the bible themselves, salvation only comes through faith in christ
Utopia
Two books written by Thomas More criticizing the early Tudor society in Great Britain and explaining ——, a place in which the government is perfect and therefore the citizens are perfect. In the second book, More explained how if human reason alone determined government, the society would be perfect. Everyone worked for the common good.
Jesuits
Society of Jesus, founded by Ignatius Loyola, emphasized spirituality and service in the Church,
Predestination
God knows who will be saved, even before birth, and therefore guides the lives of those destined for salvation, taught by John Calvin in Geneva, Switzerland.
Calvinism
John Calvin most importent Protestant Reformer, preached the doctrine of predestination, his leaders viewed people as sinful by nature
Counter Reformation
Series of reforms that the church began to use
Protestant
Christians who belonged to non-Catholic churches
Annul
To declare invalid or to cancel.
Calvinism
Religion based on John Calvin’s teachings; Men and women are sinful by nature, humans cannot earn salvation, God chooses a very few people to save
Catholic Reformation
Helping Catholics to remain loyal within the Church
Council of Trent
Council of Church leaders to meet in Trent, in northern Italy, arose from Paul III
Indulgence
A pardon that released a sinner from performing the penalty that a priest imposed for sins. (Payment $$$)
Anabaptists
started in Switzerland as a radical reform of Catholicism, only adults can be saved (obtained by Baptism), they lived in small villages away from the outside world, only practiced 2 sacraments, they lived plain and simple lives
Anglicans
started by King Henry VIII, to be saved one has to be sorry for their sins, accept the bible, and have faith, they attended either a high or low church service based on social class, people could believe whatever they wanted as long as they were loyal to the King
Catholics
started when Pope Paul III was elected, way to salvation is faith, 7 sacraments, rituals and mass are outward signs of faith, priests and nuns were the educated
theocracy
government run by religious leaders
perspective
artistic technique used to give paintings and drawings a three-dimensional effect
Counter Reformation
Luther had started the Protestant movement in the early 1500s. Questioning indulgences and the Church’s teachings. In the 1530s the Catholic Church started the COUNTER REFORMATION to reinforce the teachings of the Catholic Church and fight against Protestant beliefs. From mid 1500s to mid 1600s there were many religious wars caused by the Reformation and Counter Reformation movements
Presbyterian
member of a protestant church governed by elders. founded John Knox
