World History

Question 1

8th to 13th century Chinese empire led by the Song Dynasty
known for its increase in population, urbanization, commercialization and advancements

Answer 1

Song Dynasty

Question 2

major system of thought in China, developed from the teachings of Confucius and his disciples, and concerned with the principles of good conduct, practical wisdom, and proper social relationships such as filial piety

Answer 2

Confucianism

Question 3

a system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives

Answer 3

Bureaucracy

Question 4

a widespread Asian religion or philosophy, often associated with living the “Middle Path” and reincarnation in many forms not dependent on social class, founded in India in the 5th century BC. Theravada and Mahayana are two forms

Answer 4

Buddhism

Question 5

the process of creating goods and materials for the market (and for profit)

Answer 5

commercialization

Question 6

a monotheistic religion begun in the Middle East and regarded as revealed through Muhammed as the Prophet of Allah. the “5 Pillars” often associated with this belief system by 1200 had become both a major religion and political empire

Answer 6

Islam

Question 7

monotheistic religion begun in the Middle East based on the person and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth and later followers, spread especially into regions around the Mediterranean Sea, became a prominent religion of many regions of Europe

Answer 7

Christianity

Question 8

a monotheistic, and ethnic religion comprising the collective religious, cultural, and legal tradition and civilization of the Jewish people. According to many scholars the “foundation” of later monotheistic belief systems

Answer 8

Judaism

Question 9

Islamic Empire from the 8th to 13th century - Middle East, North Africa, and Arabian peninsula into Central Asia

Answer 9

Abbasid Caliphate

Question 10

a collection of diverse ethnic groups who often converted to Islam in the 13th to 14th century and became conquerors of regions of northern India, central Asian, and Anatolia

Answer 10

Turkic peoples

Question 11

mystical Islamic belief and practice in which Muslims seek to find the truth of divine love and knowledge through direct personal experience of God

Answer 11

Sufism

Question 12

a major religious and cultural tradition of South Asia, which developed from Vedic religions

Answer 12

Hinduism

Question 13

fragmented, decentralized rule with a warrior elite at the top of the social and political structure
Europe in the 13th to 14th century and Japan in the 12th to 16th century were known for this

Answer 13

Feudalism

Question 14

decentralized economic system of self-sufficient manners. Economic system of the feudal period in Europe

Answer 14

Manorial System

Question 15

systems in which people are “forced” to work without reward or payment including debt slavery, serfdom, and debt peonage

Answer 15

Coerced Labor

Question 16

term for the Muslim regions of the world (especially in its early political or cultural unity)

Answer 16

Dar- al- Islam

Question 17

12th to 14th century West African state that grew wealthy and powerful through the gold mines and trade of Trans-Saharan trade

Answer 17

Mali Empire

Question 18

beginning before the 6th century bce, interregional trade routes from East Asia through central asia into the Middle East

Answer 18

Silk Roads

Question 19

Mongol regional rule during the Mongol Empire. There were Khanates in Russia, the Middle East, Central Asia, and China

Answer 19

Mongol Khanates

Question 20

communities of merchants like Arabs in Swahili coasts, Hindu merchants in SE Asia, Islamic merchants in SE Asia, Jewish merchants in Oman, Chinese merchants in SE Asia

Answer 20

diasporic merchant communities

Question 21

are culturally distinct ethnic groups whose members are directly descended from the earliest known inhabitants of a particular geographic region and, to some extent, maintain the language and culture of those original peoples

Answer 21

indigenous cultures

Question 22

was a Chinese mariner, explorer, court eunuch and fleet admiral during China’s early Ming dynasty. He led a series of large naval expeditions into regions around the Indian Ocean in the early 15th century

Answer 22

Zheng He

Question 23

Caravan crossings of the Sahara desert in the continent of Africa which increased the trade in gold, salt, ivory, and slaves and helped build and sustain many West African kingdoms

Answer 23

Trans-Saharan Trade

Question 24

13-14th century Disease pandemic that was spread along the trade routes of the silk road and throughout and beyond the Mongol Empire. Significant percentage of the population died. Death rates were especially high in Europe. Death rolls had political and social impacts

Answer 24

Bubonic Plague

Question 25

11th - 16th century along East Coast of Africa
independent entrepot city-states that had African and Arab Islamic cultural mix

Answer 25

Swahili Civilization

Question 26

examples of maritime technology that were innovated and used in Asia, but were used by European states to explore and eventually conquer regions of the Americas, and coastal regions along Africa and in the Indian Ocean

Answer 26

Compass and Astrolabe

Question 27

16th - 18th century Islamic Empire in South Asia ruling over a predominantly Hindu population

Answer 27

Mughal Empire

Question 28

14th -20th century Islamic Empire centered in the Middle East
one of the Gunpowder Empires that controlled the “heart” of the Islamic world

Answer 28

Ottoman Empire

Question 29

14th- 17th century Dynasty in China. Reunified China after defeating the Mongols and worked to erase much of the Mongol culture from the Yuan dynasty and Mongol control
sent expeditions into the Indian Ocean in the 15th century but later embraced isolationist ideas in the later centuries

Answer 29

Ming Empire

Question 30

16th -17th century schism (split) in European Christianity dividing the “Protestant” and “Catholic” Christianity and leading to political and cultural tensions and clashed in Europe and also increased European Christianization of the Americas and elsewhere

Answer 30

Protestant Reformation

Question 31

Catholic Church response to the Protest Reformation in which elements of curription were eliminated and the basis of Catholicism was confirmed. Also, renewed interest in punishing “heresy” (ideas that went against the Catholic church’s teachings.) Jesuit order formed for increased missionary efforts

Answer 31

Catholic Reformation

Question 32

belief system beginning in the 1500s in South Asia. “Blend” of Hinduism and Islam and was “Monothiestic” and relatively tolerant. example of syncretism

Answer 32

Sikhism

Question 33

the environmental transfer of plants, animals, and diseases from Afro-Eurasia to the Americas (16th century) (not a trade route!)

Answer 33

Columbian Exchange

Question 34

17th century rulers (Shoguns) of a recently unified Japan. Promoted cultural isolation while developing a commercial economy and silver mining. (Rejected European missionaries)

Answer 34

Tokugawa Shogunate

Question 35

17th -20th century Initially the Manchus were a group from Northern China but invaded and conquered all of China taking over from the Ming and ruling China for 3 centuries

Answer 35

Manchu (Qing) Empire

Question 36

16th - mid 18th century Empire in Persia. Shi’a Islamic Empire of the gunpowder empires. Had conflict with the Sunni Empires

Answer 36

Safavid Empire

Question 37

economic system from 16th - 18th century in which many European national governments attempted to accumulate the largest possible share of global wealth by maximizing imports of precious metals and raw materials and exporting finished goods (especially to their colonies). The system discouraged “free trade” among different regions and encouraged pretectionism by European governments

Answer 37

Mercantilism

Question 38

economic innovation of European companies in which a group of investors supported trade activity and commerce for increased financial activity

Answer 38

Joint-Stock companies

Question 39

a person who has been trained in a skilled art or trade

Answer 39

artisan labor

Question 40

system of racial hierarchy in Spanish controlled Americas that ordered the European, Natives, slaves, and mixed-races of the region after European conquest

Answer 40

Casta system

Question 41

a Philisophical movement in Europe and beyond which emphasized reason instead of tradition or religions. Philosophes (thinkers) offered liberal ideas such as individualism and the social contract, aka Age of Reason

Answer 41

Enlightenment

Question 42

a sense of commonality based on language, social customs, and territory. Emerged in Europe and the Americas especially in the early 19th century from the revolutionary period

Answer 42

Nationalism

Question 43

ideological emphasis on civil freedoms under the rule of law with an emphasis on limited government, economic freedom, and political freedoms

Answer 43

19th century liberalism

Question 43

voting rights

Answer 43

suffrage

Question 44

1789 passed by France’s National Constituent Assembly is a fundamental document of the French Revolution that granted more widespread civil rights much of French society

Answer 44

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

Question 45

1815 letter written by Simon Bolivar in which he advocated for the independence of Latin American regions from Spanish control
influenced by Enlightenment ideas

Answer 45

Letter from Jamaica

Question 46

the act of officially ending legal slavery and slave trade in 19th century

Answer 46

abolition of slavery

Question 47

a series of conflicts between 1791 and 1804, was the overthrow of the French regime in Haiti by Africans and their descendants who had been enslaved and the establishment of an independent country founded and governed by former slaves

Answer 47

Haitian Revolution

Question 48

often called the Creole revolutions, it was movements against Spanish colonial rule in Central and South America in the 1810s and 1820s, which led to the independence from European control of every nation in the region

Answer 48

Latin American Independence Movements