World history Flashcards
What did millions of workers have to endure?
Millions of workers endured dangerous working conditions, unsanitary and overcrowded housing, and unrelenting poverty
Define urbanization
Urbanization is the movement of people to cities.
Describe how the new middle class lived.
The new middle class lived in well built and well furnished houses; they dressed nicely, and ate well.
Where did they live?
The working class lived in tenements located in slums.
Describe tenements.
Tenements had no running water and no sewage or sanitation systems.
What provisions were made for sanitation and sewage? Explain.
Sewage was dumped into the river which contaminated drinking water which spread diseases.
Define Labor unions
Labor unions were organizations of workers who bargained for better pay and working conditions.
Who were Luddites
Luddites were fearful of machines so they would smash machines and burn factories; they were arrested and hanged.
Who founded the Methodist Church
The Methodist Church was founded by John Wesley
What did he stress?
Wesley stressed a personal faith.
What did Methodists want instead of revolution?
Methodists wanted reform, not revolution.
Describe the hours and hazards faced by workers in factories and textile mills.
Factory work was for 12-16 hours a day for six or seven days a week. There was always danger from accidents because of few safety rules. Textile workers faced the same dangers plus the lung damage from breathing in lint.
Describe mine work
Miners worked in the dark, breathed in coal dust, and faced the danger of explosions, flooding, and collapsed tunnels.
At what age did children begin working in textile mills and mines?
Children began working as young as five.
Describe the work and dangers that they faced.
Children faced the same dangers as adults: serious accidents, loss of life, and sickness from the hazards in factories and mines.
What did an 1833 law passed by Parliament do for children?
The law prevented hiring children under nine years of age and limited the hours of work for older children
Define standard of living:
The standard of living refers to the level of material goods and
services available to people in a society.
2.
Name the book written by Adam Smith:
Adam Smith wrote The Wealth of Nations
Define free market and cite its benefits
Free market refers to the unregulated exchange of goods and services. The freemarket would produce more goods at a lower price.
Define socialism:
Under socialism the people as a whole, rather than private individuals, would own and operate
the means of production
Define the means of production:
The means of production are the farms, factories, railways, and other large businesses that
produce and distribute goods.
Who was Karl Marx?
Karl Marx was a German philosopher.
Name the pamphlet written by Marx and Engles.
Marx and Engles published The Communist Manifesto
Define communism
Communism proposes to create a classless society in which the means of production would
be owned in common for the good of all.
