World History Flashcards
Great Pyramid of Giza built by Khufu
-2570
Start of Shang Dynasty
-1600 (till -1046)
Roughly the date when Moses left Egypt
-1250
Roughly the date of the Trojan Wars (if that existed)
-1200
Start of Zhou Dynasty
-1046 (till -221)
First Olympiad in Greece
-776
Birth of Cyrus the Great of Persia
-600
End of 1st Temple Period of Jews (started in 10th century BC) (Destruction by Babylonians)
-586
Birth of Buddha
-563
Birth of Confucius
-551
Greeks won the Persian War and ended Persia’s attempt to conquer Greece
-479
Start of Chinese Warring States period (lasted until start of Qin dynasty)
-403
Sparta won the Peloponesian War over Athens
-404
Birth of Aristotle
-384
Alexander conquers Egypt
-332
Romans conquered the whole Italian peninsula
-264
Qin Dynasty starts
-221 (lasted 15 yrs)
Han Dynasty starts
-202 (till 220)
End of Second Punic War (Carthage’s defeat, although it almost conquered Rome)
-201
Romans defeated Greeks at Battle of Corinth. Start of Roman era of Greek history
-146
Cleopatra dies. Roman conquers Egypt
-30
Founding of Roman Empire by Augustus
-27
Crucifixion of Jesus
29
Siege of Jerusalem and destruction of the Second Jewish Temple
73 (started in 516 BC)
Battle of 赤壁
208
Cao Pi proclaimed emperor of Wei
220 (till 266)
Start of West Jin Dynasty by Sima
266 (lasted until 420 as East Jin)
Founding of Constantinople
330
Last time West and East Roman Empires were ruled by a single emperor
395
Augustine of Hippo finishs The City of God
426
Fall of Roman Empire
476
Justinian the Great built Hagia Sophia
537
Augustine of Canteberry converts England
597
Tang Dynasty starts
618 (till 907)
Mohammed’s flight from Mecca to Madina
622
Arabs/Muslims conquered Persia. Start of end of Zoroastrian religion
651
Muslim rule over Iberia starts
711
Frankish Charles Martel won against Umayyad in Battle of Tour. Stoped Arab expansion in Europe, helped to establish Carolingian Empire
733
Start of Abbasid Caliphate
750 (till 1517 in Egypt)
Anlushan rebellion starts
755 (lasted 7 years)
Start of Heian Period in Japan
794 (till 1185)
Coranation of Charlemagne
800
Treaty of Verdun: breakup of Carolingian empire and birth of France and Germany
843
Alfred the Great becomes King of the English
886
Start of Fatima Caliphate in Tunisia/Egypt
902 (till 1171)
Start of Goryeo Dynasty in Korea (first time unified)
918 (till 1392)
Start of Song Dynasty
960 (till 1279)
Otto I became the first Emperor of Holy Roman Empire
962
Hugh Capet becomes the first king in the Capetian dynasty
987 (till 1792)
Baptism of Vladimir the Great and Kievian Rus
988
Death of Cnut the Great (King of England, Denmark, Norway)
1035
East-West Schism
1054
Battle of Hastings
1066
Founding of Kingdom of Jerusalem
1099 (till 1291)
End of Liao (Kithan) dynasty by 金朝
1125
Start of Kamakura Shogunate
1185 (till 1333)
Crusaders sacked Constantinople during 4th Crusade
1204
Magna Carta
1215
Fall of 金朝 (by Mongols)
1234
Battle of Ain Jalut (stopped Mongol invasion in the West)
1260
Mongol invasion of Japan failed due to Kamikaze
1281
Mansa Musa’s hajj to Mecca
1324
Start of Muromachi/Ashikaga shogunate
1336 (till 1573)
Start of Black Death
1346 (lasted 7 years)
Ming Dynasty starts
1368 (till 1644)
Start of Joseon dynasty in Korea
1392 (till 1910)
Fall of Constantinople
1453
Start of Ottoman Caliphate by capture last Abbasid Caliph in Cairo
1517 (till 1924)
Russians (Grand Duchy of Moscow) gained independence from Mongols
1480
Mislim rule over Iberia ends with the success of La Reconquista
1492
Christopher Columb discovered America
1492
Martin Luther publishes Ninety-Five Theses
1517
Spain conquers Mexico
1521
Mugal Empire starts in India
1526 (till 1857)
Spanish armada was defeated by British
1588
Romeo and Juliet by Shakespere
1597
Death of Toyotomi Hideyoshi and end of Japan’s Korean invasion
1598
Start of Tokugawa Shogunate
1603
Founding of New France by Samuel de Champlain
1608
Qing Dynasty starts
1636
Peace of Westphalia that marked the end of Thirty Years War
1648
Execution of Charles I of England and start of republic system that lasted 11 yrs
1649
Siege of Vienna by Muslims failed (end of Muslim expansion)
1683
Newton’s law of universal gravitation
1687
William of Orange becames King of England after Glorious Revolution
1689
Peter The Great moves capital to Saint Petersbourg
1712
Death of Louis XIV of France
1715
Battle of the Plains of Abraham
1759
Qing definitely conquers Xinjiang
1759
American Declaration of independence
1776
Adam Smith writes The Wealth of Nations
1776
James Watt’s steam engine
1776
French Revolution starts (Estate General)
1789
America’s purchase of Louisiana
1803
Haiti declared its independence from France
1804
Burning of White House of British troops from Canada
1812
Napoleon’s defeat at Waterloo
1815
End of First Opium War
1842
End of US-Mexico War that resulted in Mexican Cession
1848
Darwin writes On the Origin of Species
1859
American Civil War starts
1861 (till 1865)
Meiji Restoration
1868
Unification of Germany by Prussia
1871
Rome changed from monarchy to republic
-509
Start of Xin dynastry in China
9
Constantine granted religious toleration to Christians in the Roman Empire with Edict of Milan
313
Emperor Theodosius issued the Edict of Thessalonica, which declared Christianity to be the sole religion of the Roman Empire.
380
Siege and sack of Baghdad by Mongols
1258
Start of Nara Period
710 (lasted till 794)
The Tale of Genji
1021
Eight-Nation Alliance invades Beijing
1901
Establishment of Zhou Dynasty by Wu Zetian
690 (till 705)
Marco Polo’s Asian Travels
1271 (till 1295)
Death of Jeanne D’Arc
1431
Start of One Hundred Years’ War
1337 (till 1453)
Cixi starts to be Empress Dowager of China
1861 (till 1908)
Zhang Qian starts his travels
-138 (till -126)
Zheng He’s travels start
1405 (till 1433)
澶渊之盟 between Song and Liao
1005
Pope Urban II called for 1st crusade
1095
Start of Second Opium War
1856 (till 1860)
Arrival of Perry’s Black Ships
1853
Birth of 圣德太子 (Shotoku)
574
Start of Umayyad Caliphate
661 (till 750)
Western Schism (bishops residing in Rome and Avignon both claimed to be the true pope)
1378 (till 1417)
Treaty of Tordesillas (division of New World)
1494
End of the East India Company Rule (taken over by the Crown)
1858
Battle of Plassey (East India Company took control of Bengal)
1757
Taiping Rebellion
1850 (till 1864)
Hundred Days’ Reform (戊戌变法)
1898
Monk Kukai settled in Mount Kouya
819
Execution of Robespierre
1794
Spanish-American War (US gained Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines)
1898
Magellan Expedition completed (first circumnavigation of the world)
1522
Publication of Copernicus’s model of Sun as world’s centre
1543
Great Exhibition in London
1851
Battle of Dürnkrut and Jedenspeigen: The end of the Babenberg dynasty and the rise of the Habsburgs in Austria
1278
The first Siege of Vienna by the Ottoman Empire is repelled, securing Austria’s role in defending Europe from Ottoman expansion.
1529
The Peace of Augsburg ended a period of armed conflict between Roman Catholic and Protestant forces within the Holy Roman and established cuius regio, eius religio. Granting religious autonomy to the rulers of German states, including Austria.
1555
Francis II proclaims himself to be the Emperor of Austria.
1804
Last Holy Roman Emperor (Francis II) abdicated
1806
The Austro-Hungarian Compromise established the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary.
1867
Coronation of Stephen I, first king of Hungary
1000
Start of Bronze Age
-3300
Earliest start of Iron Age (Near East and Egypt)
-1200
The arrival of the First Fleet at Sydney Cove, marking the beginning of British colonization of Australia and the establishment of the colony of New South Wales.
1788
The six British colonies in Australia federated to form the Commonwealth of Australia, becoming a unified nation.
1901
Start of Hittite Empire (lasted until -1180)
-1650
The Persian Empire conquers Anatolia, incorporating it into the Achaemenid Empire.
-546
Anatolia becomes part of the Roman Republic after the defeat of last Hellenistic king
-133
Battle of Manzikert - The Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine Empire at the Battle of Manzikert, leading to the gradual Turkish conquest of Anatolia.
1071
Ottoman Empire Founded - Osman I establishes the Ottoman Beylik, laying the foundation for the Ottoman Empire.
1299
Neo Hittite States
-1180 (till around -800 when absorbed into Assyrian Empire)
Start of Seven Years War
1756 (end in 1763)
Start of War of Austrian Succession
1740 (end in 1748)
Start of building of Ring Road in Vienna
1857
Start of War of the Roses
1455 (end in 1487)
Death of Holy Roman Emperor + King of Spain Charles V
1558
Greek Dark Age
-1100 to -800
Roughly when Homer completed Iliad and Odyssey
-720
Start of First Industrialization
1760 (last till 1840)
Start of the Second Industrialization
1870 (till 1914)
Battle of Kadesh
-1274
Start of Yayoi Period (弥生時代)
-1000 (till 300)
Start of Kofun period (古墳時代)
300 (till 538)
Start of Asuka period (飛鳥時代)
538 (till 710)
大化元年
645
