World History Flashcards
Amerigo Vespucci
Amerigo Vespucci was an Italian merchant, explorer, and navigator from the Republic of Florence, from whose name the term “America” is derived. Between 1497 and 1504, Vespucci participated in at least two voyages of the Age of Discovery, first on behalf of Spain and then for Portugal.
St. Francis Xaiver
St. Francis Xavier was one of the most prolific missionaries of Roman Catholic history. He was instrumental in the establishment of Christianity in India, the Malay Archipelago, and Japan.
Joint Stock Company
A joint-stock company is a business owned by its shareholders, who can buy and sell shares freely. Historically, the shareholders of a joint-stock company could bear unlimited liability for debts owed by the company. In the U.S., incorporation limits shareholder liability to the face value of their shares.
Domestic System
domestic system, also called putting-out system, production system widespread in 17th-century western Europe in which merchant-employers “put out” materials to rural producers who usually worked in their homes but sometimes labored in workshops or in turn put out work to others.
Jacques Cartier
From 1534 to 1542, Cartier led three maritime expeditions to the interior of the Gulf of the St. Lawrence River. During these expeditions, he explored, but more importantly accurately mapped for the first time the interior of the river, from the Gulf to Montreal
Capitalism
Land was seen as the only form of secure wealth
Banking family changed this view
Provided the census for merchants to sponsor voyages ( Spend money to make money)
Treaty of Tordesillas
The 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas neatly divided the “New World” into land, resources, and people claimed by Spain and Portugal. The red vertical line cutting through eastern Brazil represents the divide.
Entrepreneur
a person who organizes and operates a business or businesses, taking on greater than normal financial risks in order to do so.
Conquistador
any of the leaders in the Spanish conquest of America, especially of Mexico and Peru, in the 16th century.
Samuel de Champlain
Known as the “Father of New France,” Champlain founded Quebec (1608), one of the oldest cities in what is now Canada, and consolidated French colonies. He also made important explorations of what is now northern New York, the Ottawa River, and the eastern Great Lakes.
Caravels
light sailing ship of the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries in Europe, much-used by the Spanish and Portuguese for long voyages. Apparently developed by the Portuguese for exploring the coast of Africa, the caravel’s chief excellence lay in its capacity for sailing to windward.
The Conquest of the Aztecs
Settled and dominated Mexico
Many were farmers and fisherman to feed the millions
Mexico City now
Lake Texcoco
Spain invaded South America led by Hernando Cortes
Wiped out Aztec
Smallpox killed many Aztecs
Cortes driven by power and gold
Codex Mendoza helped translate Spanish and Aztec language
Banned culture and converted to catholicism
The Conquest of the Incas
The Western Hemisphere largest empire, pop of 10 million
King Pachacuti: 9th most important Inca Ruler, changed Incas from a small colony to massive Inca empire, Led the conquest to expand through south America
Religion: Group of gods who created and sustained the Incas through their history
Francisco Pizza: led the conquest of the Incas
Fall of Inca empire: Foreign Disease, Inca Civil War, Spanish Conquest
Cuzco was the heart of the Inca empire
Sir Walter Raleigh
Potato and Tobbaco
Elizabeth 1
Origins of Slavery in Africa
Transportation of enslaved people from Africa to the Americas and Caribbean
Agriculture production
Golden Triangle: Trade route between Europe, Africa, and the Americans
Fund Europe economies
Raw materials to Europe, Manufactured goods, Slaves
Institutional racism
Forcibly removed from their homes and cultures
China
Matteo Ricci was a Jesuit Missionary and a Roman Catholic Priest
English, Dutch and Portuguese were looking for Commercial Change
Vasco Gama opened the route to India
Jesuits were a crucial link in the transfer of the knowledge between Europe and China
Europe fascinated by Chinese Medicine, technology and craftsmanship
China was the most populous, technological advanced and most powerful military force between 1000 and 1500
Japan
Jesuits: Roman Catholic order
Famous for education, missionary
Counter reformation
Introduced innovations to religious life
Confessors
Franciscans: roman catholic religious order
They came to Japan to negotiate peace treaty for Philippines
Daimyo: Japanese feudal lords who were shogun
Samurail: A warrior class, similar to the nights
Japan viewed Europeans as barbaric and greedy
Grew wary of Europeans
Banned foreign trade and Christianity
Japan admired and awed by Europeans
Great potential trade partner
Shogun: Japan military dictators
Trading Companies
Top 4 Companies: Hudson’s Bay, French East India Company, Dutch United East India Company, The East India Company
Imports and Exports: Furs, Spices, Textiles, Coffee, Tea, Cotton
Effect on Economy: Facilitated the expansion of global trade, introducing new products and technologies.
Military Power
Pirates
A seaman who robs, seizes, or destroys any ship at high seas or on shore. Considered illegal in all countries
Many pirates were hired by local government to rob from enemy ships
Privateer: privately hired and given legal permission to capture merchant ships
Anne Bonny, Blackbeard, Captain Kidd
Golden Age: 1650 - 1730
Factors: Rise of quantities, training and experience
Atlantic
Pirates were hang
Capitalist economy
Significance: Create interdependence, influence slave trade
Reason to Become a Pirate:
- Political reasons: Treaty of Tordesilla, religious wars
- Social/Economic: Overcrowding and unemployment
Absolutism
a political theory that absolute power should be vested in one or more rulers
“Divine Right”
Gain control of nobility
Act of Union
In 1840 the Act of Union united Upper and Lower Canada into one Province of Canada. It enabled a single legislative council to govern with crown assent. The Act ruled that the assembly should consist of an equal number of representatives from both provinces.
Age of Exploration
The Age of Exploration (also called the Age of Discovery) began in the 1400s and continued through the 1600s. It was a period of time when the European nations began exploring the world. They discovered new routes to India, much of the Far East, and the Americas.
Bill of Rights
William and Mary
1689 Outlined power and rights of Parliament
Charles I
Son of James, suspended Parliament in 1629
Execuated
