World Englishes Studies: Schneiders Dynamic Model of Post-Colonial Englishes Flashcards
What does Schneider’s Model do?
It specifies the different phases that English goes through after being put in a colonised area
How many phases to Schneider’s Model are there?
5
What is the name of the first phase of Schneider’s Model?
Foundation
What happens in the Foundation phase?
English is brought into a new territory by a colonising power
What does the Foundation stage mean for coloniser presence in the region?
Many people from the colonising power go to the new territory
What social linguistic hierarchy is developed in the Foundation stage?
Diglossia
What is the name of Phase 2?
Exonormative Stabilisation
What does Phase 2 mean for language change?
It is still dependent on the model of English spoken by the colonisers
How does English start to be seen by indigenous people in Phase 2?
As an Asset
Why do indigenous people start to recognize English as an asset?
It is a way to communicate with people of a higher status
What form of differentiating language use will occur in Phase 2?
Code-Switching
How will English be used for people who speak 2 different languages to each other?
A lingua franca
What form will the lingua franca initially take in a colonised region?
Standard British English
What is Phase 3 of the model?
Nativisation
What happens in Nativisation?
L1 English Speakers become a majority over L2 Speakers
How does English impose itself on indigenous people in Phase 3?
It pressures non-native speakers to learn English
What is the name of Phase 4?
Endonormative Stabilisation
What happens in Endonormative Stabilisation
English develops its own standards in the colonised region not based on English brought by colonisers
How is English treated by Phase 4?
It is accepted in society
What is the name of Phase 5?
Differentiation
What happens in Phase 5?
Unique varieties of English form in the colonised region
How is English treated by Phase 5 of the model?
It is seen to represent a regions culture, rather than be a threat to it
What are varieties of English like in the colonised region by Phase 5?
They are unique to the colonised area
