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Midterms > World Civilizations Islam > Flashcards

World Civilizations Islam Flashcards

1
Q

Muhammad

A

Founder of Islam

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2
Q

Allah

A

God(an Arabic word, used mainly in Islam)

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3
Q

What does Islam mean?

A

Submission to the will of Allah

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4
Q

In what form of art is most prominent in the Muslim world?

A

Calligraphy

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5
Q

How did the Abbasids control the Muslim empire?

A

Formed a strong beauracracy

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6
Q

What division of Islam believed that only a relative of Muhammed could control the empire?

A

Shiates

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7
Q

What encouraged Muslim leaders to support places of learning such as the house of learning?

A

Muhammad’s emphasis on study and scholarship

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8
Q

What are the five pillars of Islamic worship?

A
  • Person becomes Muslim by making a testimony or witness
  • Formal prayer preformed at 5 specified times of day facing Mecca
  • An obligatory contribution theoretically due annually from every Muslim at a rate of 2.5% of liquid assets and income producing property. Supports the charitable works of Islam
  • Fast from dawn to dusk each day during the ninth month Ramadan, Muslims fast and don’t engage in sexual intercourse. This is a time of spiritual renewal.
  • Hajj, aat least once in his or her lifetime each Muslim makes the pilgrimage to Mecca during the twelfth Muslim month.
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9
Q

How did the spread of the Muslim empire affect trade?

A

It allowed trade to flourish for all of the empire shared the same currency (sakks and checks) and shared a common language. They were able to trade by sea and land using the Red Sea, the med. sea and the Silk Road.

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10
Q

What United the Muslim empire?

A

Religion, language and economy

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11
Q

What is judgment day?

A

The day after you die when you are judges for all of the bad and good you had done

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12
Q

What does Muslim mean?

A

Who make peace

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13
Q

How many people follow Islam?

A

Over a billion people, around 1/5 of the world’s population

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14
Q

What type of religion is Islam?

A

Abrahamic, monotheistic

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15
Q

When did Muhammad live from?

A

Born in Mecca 570 died in medina 632 CE

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16
Q

What occurred during Muhammad’s life before night of power?

A
  • His father died before he was born
  • Mother died when he was 6
  • Lived with his grandfather that sent him to a nomadic tribe
  • He married Khadija, the tribe leader
  • He had 7 children, 4 daughters, and 3 sons who died in infancy
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17
Q

What was the night of power?

A

A sacred event where Muhammad received the call to be gods messenger: The Prophet of Allah

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18
Q

When and where did Muhammad begin preaching?

A

Mecca, 613 CE

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19
Q

What did Muhammad do while in Mecca?

A
  • Told them to believe in the oneness of Allah: Allah is the only God
  • Gathered followers from all classes in Mecca
  • Called for the submission to the will of the one true God
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20
Q

What was the reaction to Muhammad’s ignition preaching in Mecca?

A
  • Merchants of Mecca ignored him
  • Powerful tribal leaders try to silence him by bribes of wealth
  • He denied and him and his followers were prosecuted by the Meccans
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21
Q

What did Muhammad do in reaction to the persecution faced in Mecca and when did he do it?

A
  • In 622 Muhammad and his followers leave persecution for Medina
  • Now called the Hijrah, becomes the first year of the Islamic calendar
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22
Q

What does Muslim mean?

A

Who make peace

23
Q

How many people follow Islam?

A

Over a billion people, around 1/5 of the world’s population

24
Q

What type of religion is Islam?

A

Abrahamic, monotheistic

25
Q

When did Muhammad live from?

A

Born in Mecca 570 died in medina 632 CE

26
Q

What occurred during Muhammad’s life before night of power?

A
  • His father died before he was born
  • Mother died when he was 6
  • Lived with his grandfather that sent him to a nomadic tribe
  • He married Khadija, the tribe leader
  • He had 7 children, 4 daughters, and 3 sons who died in infancy
27
Q

What was the night of power?

A

A sacred event where Muhammad received the call to be gods messenger: The Prophet of Allah

28
Q

When and where did Muhammad begin preaching?

A

Mecca, 613 CE

29
Q

What did Muhammad do while in Mecca?

A
  • Told them to believe in the oneness of Allah: Allah is the only God
  • Gathered followers from all classes in Mecca
  • Called for the submission to the will of the one true God
30
Q

What was the reaction to Muhammad’s ignition preaching in Mecca?

A
  • Merchants of Mecca ignored him
  • Powerful tribal leaders try to silence him by bribes of wealth
  • He denied and him and his followers were prosecuted by the Meccans
31
Q

What did Muhammad do in reaction to the persecution faced in Mecca and when did he do it?

A
  • In 622 Muhammad and his followers leave persecution for Medina
  • Now called the Hijrah, becomes the first year of the Islamic calendar
32
Q

What did Muhammad do while in Medina?

A
  • Builds the first mosque
  • Drafts agreement with opposing clan members that agreed that they would respect each other
  • Required common defense of the city
  • Muhammad and his followers flourished and many people joined the religion
  • Jewish leaders denied the agreements for they did no accept him as a prophet
33
Q

What are the five pillars of faith?

A 
Belief in allah
Belief in the Angels of god
Belief in the Quran
Belief in judgement day
Belief that God is responsible for everything
34
Q

What was the big crisis that occurred in 632?

A

Muhammad dies he leaves the Muslims with no plans for when he dies.

35
Q

What two groups were formed after Muhammad’s death?

A

Sunni: Followers of Muhammad’s example

Shia: Believe that the caliph has the be a descendent of Muhammad

Sufis: Reject the Umayyads and seek a life of poverty

36
Q

Who became the successor to Muhammad?

A

Abu Bakr

37
Q

What was the name given to the leader of the Muslim empire?

A

Caliph

38
Q

What does caliph mean?

A

Successor or deputy

39
Q

What empires did the Muslims conquer?

A

Syria, Egypt, Byzantine empire, Sassanid empire

40
Q

What allowed Islam to conquer more land and help it survive?

A

“Jihad,” holy war

41
Q

Who were the three rightly guided caliph and in what order?

A

Abu Bakr
Uthman
Ali

42
Q

By 750 how much land has they conquered?

A

6,000 square miles

43
Q

What were Christians and Jews considered?

A

People of the book

44
Q

What special privileges did people of the book receive?

A

People of the book paid a poll tax to each year to exam or themselves from military duty

45
Q

What family took over the music empire after the rightly guided caliphs?

A

Umayyads

46
Q

What did the Umayyads focus on?

A

Wealth and power instead of Muhammad’s teachings. This caused a split in the empire.

47
Q

What were the four social classes in the Muslim empire?

A

Top group: muslims from birth
Second: converts
Third: people of the book
Fourth: slaves, non Muslims

48
Q

What purpose did slaves serve in the Muslim empire?

A

Military or as domestic servant

49
Q

How could men divorce their wives?

A

By saying “I dismiss you.”

50
Q

What is the veil called that Muslim woman wear?

A

Hijab

51
Q

How did Muslim scholars help to preserve ancient Roman and Greek culture?

A

They translated Roman and Greek manuscripts and made them available to scholars

52
Q

What did Muslims do mathematically?

A

Adopted the use of 0 and the Indian numeral system

53
Q

What was Muslim art?

A

Most popular form of art was calligraphy because the Quran forbade the creation of living things. Muslim art was a bled of Arab, Turkish and Persian traditions.

54
Q

What was significant about Muslim poetry?

A

The Quran is considered to be greatest work Muslim literature to this day

Midterms (7 decks)

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