World Civilizations Islam Flashcards
Muhammad
Founder of Islam
Allah
God(an Arabic word, used mainly in Islam)
What does Islam mean?
Submission to the will of Allah
In what form of art is most prominent in the Muslim world?
Calligraphy
How did the Abbasids control the Muslim empire?
Formed a strong beauracracy
What division of Islam believed that only a relative of Muhammed could control the empire?
Shiates
What encouraged Muslim leaders to support places of learning such as the house of learning?
Muhammad’s emphasis on study and scholarship
What are the five pillars of Islamic worship?
- Person becomes Muslim by making a testimony or witness
- Formal prayer preformed at 5 specified times of day facing Mecca
- An obligatory contribution theoretically due annually from every Muslim at a rate of 2.5% of liquid assets and income producing property. Supports the charitable works of Islam
- Fast from dawn to dusk each day during the ninth month Ramadan, Muslims fast and don’t engage in sexual intercourse. This is a time of spiritual renewal.
- Hajj, aat least once in his or her lifetime each Muslim makes the pilgrimage to Mecca during the twelfth Muslim month.
How did the spread of the Muslim empire affect trade?
It allowed trade to flourish for all of the empire shared the same currency (sakks and checks) and shared a common language. They were able to trade by sea and land using the Red Sea, the med. sea and the Silk Road.
What United the Muslim empire?
Religion, language and economy
What is judgment day?
The day after you die when you are judges for all of the bad and good you had done
What does Muslim mean?
Who make peace
How many people follow Islam?
Over a billion people, around 1/5 of the world’s population
What type of religion is Islam?
Abrahamic, monotheistic
When did Muhammad live from?
Born in Mecca 570 died in medina 632 CE
What occurred during Muhammad’s life before night of power?
- His father died before he was born
- Mother died when he was 6
- Lived with his grandfather that sent him to a nomadic tribe
- He married Khadija, the tribe leader
- He had 7 children, 4 daughters, and 3 sons who died in infancy
What was the night of power?
A sacred event where Muhammad received the call to be gods messenger: The Prophet of Allah
When and where did Muhammad begin preaching?
Mecca, 613 CE
What did Muhammad do while in Mecca?
- Told them to believe in the oneness of Allah: Allah is the only God
- Gathered followers from all classes in Mecca
- Called for the submission to the will of the one true God
What was the reaction to Muhammad’s ignition preaching in Mecca?
- Merchants of Mecca ignored him
- Powerful tribal leaders try to silence him by bribes of wealth
- He denied and him and his followers were prosecuted by the Meccans
What did Muhammad do in reaction to the persecution faced in Mecca and when did he do it?
- In 622 Muhammad and his followers leave persecution for Medina
- Now called the Hijrah, becomes the first year of the Islamic calendar
What does Muslim mean?
Who make peace
How many people follow Islam?
Over a billion people, around 1/5 of the world’s population
What type of religion is Islam?
Abrahamic, monotheistic
When did Muhammad live from?
Born in Mecca 570 died in medina 632 CE
What occurred during Muhammad’s life before night of power?
- His father died before he was born
- Mother died when he was 6
- Lived with his grandfather that sent him to a nomadic tribe
- He married Khadija, the tribe leader
- He had 7 children, 4 daughters, and 3 sons who died in infancy
What was the night of power?
A sacred event where Muhammad received the call to be gods messenger: The Prophet of Allah
When and where did Muhammad begin preaching?
Mecca, 613 CE
What did Muhammad do while in Mecca?
- Told them to believe in the oneness of Allah: Allah is the only God
- Gathered followers from all classes in Mecca
- Called for the submission to the will of the one true God
What was the reaction to Muhammad’s ignition preaching in Mecca?
- Merchants of Mecca ignored him
- Powerful tribal leaders try to silence him by bribes of wealth
- He denied and him and his followers were prosecuted by the Meccans
What did Muhammad do in reaction to the persecution faced in Mecca and when did he do it?
- In 622 Muhammad and his followers leave persecution for Medina
- Now called the Hijrah, becomes the first year of the Islamic calendar
What did Muhammad do while in Medina?
- Builds the first mosque
- Drafts agreement with opposing clan members that agreed that they would respect each other
- Required common defense of the city
- Muhammad and his followers flourished and many people joined the religion
- Jewish leaders denied the agreements for they did no accept him as a prophet
What are the five pillars of faith?
Belief in allah Belief in the Angels of god Belief in the Quran Belief in judgement day Belief that God is responsible for everything
What was the big crisis that occurred in 632?
Muhammad dies he leaves the Muslims with no plans for when he dies.
What two groups were formed after Muhammad’s death?
Sunni: Followers of Muhammad’s example
Shia: Believe that the caliph has the be a descendent of Muhammad
Sufis: Reject the Umayyads and seek a life of poverty
Who became the successor to Muhammad?
Abu Bakr
What was the name given to the leader of the Muslim empire?
Caliph
What does caliph mean?
Successor or deputy
What empires did the Muslims conquer?
Syria, Egypt, Byzantine empire, Sassanid empire
What allowed Islam to conquer more land and help it survive?
“Jihad,” holy war
Who were the three rightly guided caliph and in what order?
Abu Bakr
Uthman
Ali
By 750 how much land has they conquered?
6,000 square miles
What were Christians and Jews considered?
People of the book
What special privileges did people of the book receive?
People of the book paid a poll tax to each year to exam or themselves from military duty
What family took over the music empire after the rightly guided caliphs?
Umayyads
What did the Umayyads focus on?
Wealth and power instead of Muhammad’s teachings. This caused a split in the empire.
What were the four social classes in the Muslim empire?
Top group: muslims from birth
Second: converts
Third: people of the book
Fourth: slaves, non Muslims
What purpose did slaves serve in the Muslim empire?
Military or as domestic servant
How could men divorce their wives?
By saying “I dismiss you.”
What is the veil called that Muslim woman wear?
Hijab
How did Muslim scholars help to preserve ancient Roman and Greek culture?
They translated Roman and Greek manuscripts and made them available to scholars
What did Muslims do mathematically?
Adopted the use of 0 and the Indian numeral system
What was Muslim art?
Most popular form of art was calligraphy because the Quran forbade the creation of living things. Muslim art was a bled of Arab, Turkish and Persian traditions.
What was significant about Muslim poetry?
The Quran is considered to be greatest work Muslim literature to this day
