World Civ Midterms Flashcards
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Neolithic Revolution
The NR was 10,000 ya and was a shift from food gathering to food producing.
sedentary
Means staying in one place; not nomadic. Humans became sedentary after NR.
Hunter-gatherer
Hunter-gatherers were people who used to get food through hunting & gathering.
What are the 5 Characteristics of a Civilization?
1) Advanced cities: Urban (large) population, engages in trade
2) Record keeping: physical, as opposed to strictly oral; symbolism, etc.
3) Advanced technology: Innovation, engineering, infrastructure, etc.
4) Complex institutions: Social hierarchy, economy, religion, and government; administrative and organizational entities that provide rule and order
5) Specialization: Jobs/Labor; food surpluses allow for division of labor
Nomadic
Moves from place to place
Scribe
A person who copies out documents, especially one employed to do this before printing was invented.
Barter (economy)
“Lunch table economy”; trade; trading goods/service for goods.
What is the form of cuneiform
written on clay tablets then baked.
Cuneiform
-Means “wedge shaped”; used to keep track of business transactions and taxation, astronomy/calculator; written on clay tablets then baked. (form)
-Used for (function) business, taxes, astronomy
-Used in Sumer (Mesopotamia)〜3400 BC
What is the function of cuneiform
Used for business, taxes, astronomy
Quipu
Form: String & rope with knots
Function: Counting system
From: The Inca (MesoAmerican)
What is the function of a Quipu?
Function: Counting system
What is the form of a Quipu?
Form: String & rope with knots
hieroglyphics
-Pictographs, originally carved into stone or wood; used to record rulers, quantities of goods, cosmological/religious ideas. *Papyrus
-Form: Carvings in wood or stone, or written on papyrus
-Function: Used to record rulers, quantities of goods, cosmological/religious ideas.
From: Ancient Egypt (after Sumer)
What is the function of a hieroglyph?
Function: Used to record rulers, quantities of goods, cosmological/religious ideas.
What is the form of a hieroglyph?
Form: Carvings in wood or stone, or written on papyrus
Codex/Codices (ID)
system of glyphs written on stone and in wood bark books called codices (sing. codex)
used to record history, dynastic rulers, and cosmological events
Maya had created hundreds to thousands of codices
Used to record history, Maya religion
Catholic Spanish arrived in 1519
Determined to convert indigenous to Catholicism
Bishop Diego de Landa burned the books because he believed they were filled with images and ideas from the devil.
What is the form of the codices?
system of glyphs written on stone and in wood bark books
What is the function of the codices?
used to record history, dynastic rulers, and cosmological events
Why are there so few codices left?
Bishop Diego de Landa burned the books because he believed they were filled with images and ideas from the devil.
Papyrus
writing surface made of reeds
oracle bones
Form: Animal Bone
Function: record politics, religion, technology, clarity from ancestors
Stick w/ hot poker to make it crack
Write answer on the back after reading cracks
form vs. function
What is it (made of)
What was it used for?
MesoAmerica
Culture in N&S America before Europeans.
Rosetta Stone (ID)
Benin Bronzes
British Museum
pharaoh
monarchy
dynasty/dynastic
monotheism
polytheism
animism
theocracy
Djoser’s Step Pyramid (ID)
