World Cities Flashcards
Urbanisation
Increasing proportion of people that live in towns and cities
Millionaire cities
Cities that have over a million residents
Megacities
Cities that have atleast 10 million people and a population density of 2000 people per km2
World cities
Cities that exert a dominant influence over continental and global economics and processes
Independent of population size, depends on the importance in global economic system
3 sectors of industry
Primary: raw materials and resource extraction e.g. Mining
Secondary: utilising raw materials to manufacture a product e.g. Textiles
Tertiary: service industries e.g. Teaching
Causes of urbanisation in 19th century
Agricultural revolution Invention of industrial processes New forms of power Improved transport systems Improvements in medicine, hygiene, public health
Suburbanisation
Outward growth of an urban development which may engulf surrounding villages and towns into a larger urban agglomeration
Bidrent
How much people are willing to pay for land
Brownfield development
Development on land that was previously been used for industrial purposes or commercial uses
Greenfield development
Development on undeveloped land that he never been used before, usually in a rural area used for agriculture
Green belt
Areas of land surrounding a city that cannot be developed
Counter urbanisation
Migration of people from major urban areas to smaller rural settlements
Rural turnaround
Social and demographic change in rural areas
Reurbanistion
Movement of people back into the city centre or inner city as part of urban regeneration
3 main processes of reurbansitaion and examples
Gentrification: Notting Hill London
Property led regeneration
schemes: London Docklands
Partnership Schemes: Hulme City Challenge Manchester, Park Hill Sheffield
Gentrification
Process by which older/rundown housing areas (usually close to city centre) become desirable once again and are physically and socially upgraded
Sustainability
Meeting the needs of present generation in a way that doesn’t damage the environment, use yo resources or compromise ability of future generations to meet their own needs
4 factors influencing change in retailing/shopping
Increased mobility: increased car ownership, more free parking
Changing nature of shopping habits: freezers, weekly/monthly trips, ready meals
Changing expectations of shopping habits: day out, restaurants, cinema etc.
Changing nature of retailing: large supermarkets out of town, economies of scale
How can waste be managed sustainably? (3 Rs)
Reduction
Reuse
