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Beowulf > World building (l. 1-188) > Flashcards

World building (l. 1-188) Flashcards

The opening fitt; the Danish royal family and the building of Heorot; Grendel's attacks on Heorot. A darkness threatens the shining heroic culture.

1
Q

Hwæt! Wé Gárdena in géardagum

A

So! The Spear Danes in days of yore

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2
Q

þéodcyninga þrym gefrúnon·

A

and those clan-kings we heard of their glory

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3
Q

“þrym”

A

“glory”, “majesty”, “courage”

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4
Q

“gefrúnon”

A

“find out”, “learn by asking”, “heard of”

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5
Q

hú ðá æþelingas ellen fremedon.

A

how those nobles performed courageous deeds.

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6
Q

Oft Scyld Scéfing sceaþena þréatum

A

Often Shield Sheafson from enemy hosts

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7
Q

monegum maégþum meodosetla oftéah·

A

from many people seized mead-hall seats;

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8
Q

egsode eorlas syððan aérest wearð

A

inspired terror in warriors after first he was

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9
Q

féasceaft funden. Hé þæs frofre gebád·

A

found destitute. He then experienced relief;

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10
Q

“féasceaft”

A

“destitute”, “wretched”

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11
Q

“frofre”

A

“comfort”, “consolation”, “relief”

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12
Q

wéox under wolcnum· weorðmyndum þáh

A

he waxed under the clouds, prospered in worldly honours

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13
Q

oð þæt him aéghwylc þára ymbsittendra

A

until to him each of the neighbouring tribes

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14
Q

ofer hronráde hýran scolde,

A

beyond the whale-road had to obey,

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15
Q

“hronráde”

A

“whale-road”, “ocean”

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16
Q

“hýran”

A

“to obey”

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17
Q

gomban gyldan· þæt wæs gód cyning.

A

and yield tribute; that was a good king.

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18
Q

Ðaém eafera wæs æfter cenned

A

Afterwards a son was born to him

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19
Q

“eafera”

A

“son”, “offspring”

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20
Q

“cenned”

A

“be born”

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21
Q

geong in geardum þone god sende

A

the young in the yard, whom God sent him

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22
Q

folce tó frófre;

A

to comfort the people;

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23
Q

fyrenðearfe ongeat·

A

perceiving the painful need

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24
Q

“fyrenðearfe”

A

“painful / grievous need”, “extreme distress”

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25
Q

þæt híe aér drugon aldorléase / lange hwíle;

A

that they had suffered before leader-less for a long while

26
Q

him þæs líffréä / wuldres wealdend woroldáre forgeaf:

A

so the Lord of Life the ruler of glory gave worldly honour:

27
Q

Béowulf wæs bréme –blaéd wíde sprang–

A

Beowulf was famed - his renown spread wide -

28
Q

Scyldes eafera Scedelandum in.

A

Shield’s heir in Northern lands.

29
Q

Swá sceal geong guma góde gewyrcean

A

So ought a young man by goodness deserve

30
Q

fromum feohgiftum on fæder bearme

A

zealous treasure-gifting in his father’s keeping

31
Q

þæt hine on ylde eft gewunigen / wilgesíþas þonne wíg cume·

A

so that afterwards in old age when war comes dear companions will stand by him;

32
Q

léode gelaésten:

A

the nation will last;

33
Q

lofdaédum sceal / in maégþa gehwaére man geþéön.

A

glorious deeds will prosper man in every single tribe.

34
Q

Him ðá Scyld gewát tó gescæphwíle

A

Then Shield departed at the destined hour

35
Q

felahrór féran on fréan waére·

A

having done much in the Lord’s shelter;

36
Q

hí hyne þá ætbaéron tó brimes faroðe

A

he they carried off to the sea’s swell

37
Q

swaése gesíþas swá hé selfa bæd

A

his own dear kinsmen as he himself had bid

38
Q

þenden wordum wéold wine Scyldinga

A

when the friend of the Shieldings wielded words

39
Q

léof landfruma lange áhte·

A

that beloved ruler of the land for a long time.

40
Q

þaér æt hýðe stód hringedstefna

A

there at the harbour stood a curve-prowed ship

41
Q

ísig ond útfús æþelinges fær·

A

a hero’s ship icy and ready to set out

42
Q

“fær”

A

“ship”, “vessel”

43
Q

álédon þá léofne þéoden

A

they then laid down the beloved prince

44
Q

béaga bryttan on bearm scipes

A

the giver of rings in the bosom of the boat

45
Q

maérne be mæste· þaér wæs mádma fela

A

the mighty by the mast; there were many riches there

46
Q

of feorwegum frætwa gelaéded·

A

from far-off lands treasures loaded

47
Q

ne hýrde ic cýmlícor céol gegyrwan

A

I have not heard of a ship more beautifully adorned

48
Q

“cýmlícor”

A

compar: more beautifully

49
Q

hildewaépnum ond heaðowaédum

A

with battle-weapons and war-dress

50
Q

billum ond byrnum· him on bearme læg

A

battle-blades and chain-mail; there lay on his breast

51
Q

mádma mænigo þá him mid scoldon

A

many treasures which with him must

52
Q

on flódes aéht feor gewítan·

A

in the flood’s domain drift far off.

53
Q

Nalæs hí hine laéssan lácum téodan

A

In no way had they upon him fewer gifts bestowed

54
Q

“lácum”

A

“gifts”

55
Q

þéodgestréonum þonne þá dydon

A

the wealth of a nation than those did

56
Q

þe hine æt frumsceafte forð onsendon

A

who him at the beginning had sent forth

57
Q

aénne ofer ýðe umborwesende·

A

alone over the waves as a child.

58
Q

þá gýt híe him ásetton segen gyldenne

A

Yet then they set up a gold banner

59
Q

héah ofer héafod· léton holm beran·

A

high over head they let the sea bear

60
Q

géafon on gársecg· him wæs geómor sefa

A

gave to the ocean; in them were troubled spirits

61
Q

murnende mód·

A

mourning minds

62
Q

men ne cunnon / secgan tó sóðe / seleraédenne

hæleð under heofenum hwá þaém hlæste onféng.

A

men cannot say for certain (neither) hall-counseler (nor) heroes under heaven to whom received that cargo.

Beowulf (9 decks)

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